National Development Program of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026
IIntroduction
The National Development Program of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026 (hereinafter referred to as the Program), aimed at improving the well-being of citizens, was developed within the framework of the National Development Strategy of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2040 while maintaining the principle of continuity based on the country's long-term strategic development goals with a focus on people and an emphasis on the fundamental the commitment to “leave no one behind” of the Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter referred to as the SDGs).
The need to develop a new policy document is related to the changes that have taken place in the country over the past few years: firstly, the spread of coronavirus infection and its negative impact on the quality of life of citizens, the socio-economic situation; secondly, in October 2020, the country once again experienced socio-political upheavals associated with a change in political leadership; thirdly, restrictions in interaction with the outside world have sharply increased and the possibilities of access to resources have narrowed. In fact, a new reality has emerged in which certain restrictions may remain indefinitely.
In this regard, the relevance of this document lies in the formation of a new vision for further development, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the country, region and the world. The program should be considered as a state document that defines the image of the country's future and guidelines for the entire system of public administration. The provisions and principles of the Program should form the basis of sectoral and territorial development documents in the Kyrgyz Republic.
The general picture of the future is connected with the long-term development of the Kyrgyz Republic (until 2040) as an integral, independent and comfortable country for people with great opportunities and the right to choose their lives, a country of free and wealthy citizens.
The objectives of the Program are to improve the welfare of citizens by creating an environment for the socio-economic development of the country, the implementation of anti-crisis measures and the formation of the foundations for the successful achievement of long-term development goals.
Today, the Kyrgyz Republic is ranked 120 out of 189 countries in the Human Development Index, and 96 out of 141 countries in the Global Competitiveness Index. In recent years, the country's position in these indices has been deteriorating. As a result of the implementation of this Program, it is expected that the Kyrgyz Republic will improve its position in key international ratings. Significant progress will be made in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.
The implementation of the Program will ensure the growth of the national wealth of the country and the well-being of its citizens by at least a quarter. Economic growth will become sustainable, income inequality will decrease, and the middle class will expand. The main priorities of the economic policy will be the support and development of labor-intensive sectors of the economy.
Positive changes will take place in the countryside, which will reduce the gap in the quality of life with the city. New enterprises will be launched and jobs will be created. The streets of cities and villages will become cleaner and safer. People will have faith in the future, they will be able to fully realize themselves in their homeland. The gradual introduction of decent work standards (decent wages, decent employment, social partnership) will become the basis of human well-being and the development of the country.
This Program is aimed at achieving the following milestones:
1) ensuring the annual rate of real economic growth at an average of 5%;
2) achieving GDP per capita of at least USD 1,500;
3) reduction of the unemployment rate to the level of 5%;
4) ensuring an annual inflow of foreign direct investment in the amount of at least 13% of GDP;
5) maintaining the size of the state external debt at a level of no more than 60% of GDP;
6) improvement of the indicator of the Kyrgyz Republic in the ranking on the human development index by 5 positions;
7) improvement of the indicator of the Kyrgyz Republic in the ranking of the global competitiveness index by 10 positions;
8) reducing the level of poverty of the population to the level of 20%, including the level of child poverty - up to 25%;
9) ensuring at least 50% of school graduates who have achieved a basic level of functional literacy based on the results of the Republican testing;
10) entry of the country into the top 60 countries according to the e-government development index;
11) reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 17%;
12) improvement of the indicator of the Kyrgyz Republic in the rating on the Corruption Perceptions Index by 10 positions.
As part of the implementation of the Program, measures are envisaged in seven priority areas:
1) anti-crisis measures;
2) management reform;
3) formation of an environment for development;
4) key sectors of the economy;
5) social development;
6) foreign policy and national security;
7) special priorities.
Priority measures should ensure an anti-crisis management regime focused on stabilizing the situation and controlling manageability within the public administration system, which is a priority for any subsequent constructive steps.
The country has accumulated a lot of systemic issues that have not been resolved for a long time. These problems can be observed in the institutional and structural transformations of the social, political and economic planes. The second main focus of the Program will be on addressing the most relevant of them.
State policy will be aimed at overcoming the situation of geo-economic limitations, limited energy, financial and technological resources. This priority is strategic for the Kyrgyz Republic.
The main priorities of the Program are aimed at long-term development, the launch of backbone projects that determine the future of the country.
1.2. Basic principles of the Program
Important conditions for the successful implementation of the Program are consistency and commitment to the intended course. In this regard, it is necessary to identify key values and principles, opportunities and prohibitions.
First, every citizen of the Kyrgyz Republic must be protected from violence and humiliation, danger and arbitrariness. The constitutional duty of the state is to ensure guarantees of human rights and freedoms.
Secondly, the diversity of cultures of peoples and beliefs is a strategic resource for the development of the country. State policy should ensure national harmony, strengthening civil and interethnic understanding.
Thirdly, at all levels of government, a transition should be made to a new model based on the principle of “invest more, eat less”. State spending on education and health care, the economy of care should be seen as an investment in future living standards, an investment in people and the formation of a development environment.
Fourth, the maximum outsourcing of economic and other functions of state bodies that can be implemented by the private sector, exemption from unusual functions. Emphasis on creating a favorable and fair environment, guaranteeing the security and stability of property inviolability institutions, the effectiveness of contract law, and the fairness of dispute resolution.
Fifth, the principle of openness of the country's economy and the strategic need for integration into international processes must be preserved. The use of integration institutions will expand our capabilities in promoting national interests.
Sixth, a focus on the creation of strong and independent regions, including through investment in them and assistance in the formation of points of regional growth. A new actual model of the administrative-territorial structure is required that meets the requirements of the time and the demands of society.
Seventh, the country has limited resources, so it is necessary not to dilute, but to focus them on priority areas in which the country is competitive - agriculture, hydropower, tourism, mining and light industry. It is important to introduce efficiency programs and rational use of strategic resources.
IIANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION
2.1. Socio-political situation
During the years of independence, the Kyrgyz Republic has experienced a number of political upheavals, which are the result of a number of unresolved deep social crises, the absence of a strong government, a high degree of corruption, and injustice in the distribution of development results.
After the events of April 2010, a new Constitution was adopted in the Kyrgyz Republic, which marked the vector of movement towards parliamentary democracy. The presidential elections in 2011 and the parliamentary elections in 2015 strengthened the foundations of democracy. The October 2017 presidential election resulted in a democratic transfer of power and was seen by the international community as a major milestone in the country's political development.
The following years became a period of clash of interests of political groups, many appointments were politicized.
Parliamentary elections in October 2020, the results of which were not recognized by the public, led to a change in the country's top political leadership.
The country is currently in a phase of political stabilization. A constitutional reform has been carried out, key laws have been adopted, and the status of many constitutional bodies has been determined. The inventory of legislation continues to bring the regulatory framework in line with the new Constitution.
Despite all the conditions created to ensure socio-political stability in the country, the key problems remain numerous violations and non-compliance with legislation in the areas of customs regulation, execution of sentences, forensic support, public procurement, fiscal and licensing activities, state property management and municipal property. Quite a few violations are noted in the law enforcement and judicial systems, which are obliged to guarantee and ensure this legality.
2.2. Macroeconomic imbalance
The economy of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2020 experienced a crisis decline in GDP production by 8.6%, which is the worst indicator in the last two decades. GDP per capita was $1,224 and was the lowest among the EAEU member states.
Such a significant deterioration is associated with the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the country's high degree of dependence on external factors. First, the quarantine measures taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection led to a sharp drop in business activity. The activities of small and medium-sized businesses, construction, transport, and a number of industrial enterprises were suspended almost in full, the service sector was seriously affected.
Secondly, the slowdown in economic activity in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan led to a reduction in remittances and lower domestic demand. The total volume of transfers decreased by 1.4% in 2020, while the real income of the population decreased by 5.1%, which seriously affected domestic consumption and construction activities.
Thirdly, a sharp drop in imports from the People's Republic of China by more than 2 times had a negative impact on domestic production, re-export activities and, as a result, on the loss of state budget revenues. Fourthly, there was a suspension of existing investment projects, and an outflow of investments was recorded.
In terms of sectors of the economy, the fall in GDP by 8.6% was due to a decrease in production in construction by 15.9%, retail trade by 15.7%. In areas such as hotel and restaurant services, as well as passenger transportation, an almost two-fold drop in the volume of services provided was recorded. Industrial production decreased by 7.5%, while the mining industry fell by 22.4%. There were practically no changes in agriculture.
It should be noted that the structure of the economy has changed over the past 20 years. The share of agriculture decreased from 37% to 14%, while the share of trade and services increased significantly from 32% to 46%.
The growth of consumer prices amounted to an average annual rate of 6.3%. The exchange rate depreciated after a long period of stability, and the devaluation of the national currency against the US dollar amounted to 18.9%, which is associated with a drop in remittances and a decrease in the volume of re-export operations.
In the medium term, fiscal consolidation remains a priority for the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic. The level of income collection has fallen from 20-21% of GDP in 2017-2019 to 18% of GDP in 2020. The fall in economic activity within the country and the decline in re-export operations have led to limited tax revenues as a result of the reduction of the tax base and the imperfection of tax administration.
The reform program considers the improvement of administration and the introduction of digitalization of individual components of tax administration. The budget deficit in 2020 reached 3.3% of GDP, which is significantly higher than in previous years, when the average level was 1.4%. The main source of covering financial gaps is external official assistance from donors. The country's dependence on external assistance is manifested both in the investment and in the operational activities of the state.
An ill-conceived borrowing policy in the period 2010-2020 led to a noticeable deterioration in the state of external debt manageability. The structure of external debt has changed not for the better in terms of the intended purpose of borrowings and their geographical distribution. In contrast to the previous decade, the share of borrowing to finance current consumption increased, and the People's Republic of China became the dominant creditor of the Kyrgyz Republic in a short period of time.
There is an acute question about the effectiveness of the use of external borrowings. The sectors that received the largest share of external funding, energy and transport, have not become sustainable and are dependent on external support.
Difficulties with the current liquidity of the state budget put pressure on the ability to service external debt. The country was forced to turn to creditors with a request to prolong current payments. Some bilateral creditors have agreed to defer external debt repayment for an average of 3 years.
External debt has grown over the past few years and amounted to 58.3% of GDP in 2020. The volume of funds allocated for servicing the external debt is 9.4% of the entire expenditure side of the state budget, or 2.7% of GDP. In 2023-2025, payments on external debt will begin to grow.
The problem of servicing external debt will be one of the critical issues in the medium term. The high sensitivity of the level of debt to the country's budget indicators indicates the need to maintain strict fiscal discipline.
The balance of payments will be under pressure. The reasons for the difficult situation are limited opportunities for key factors: income from export and re-export operations, remittances from labor migrants, and a drop in the inflow of foreign investment.
The trade deficit in 2020 was US$1.7 billion or 22% of GDP. In 2020, for the first time in many years, an outflow of foreign direct investment in the amount of $939 million was observed.
2.3. Business environment and infrastructure
The impact of COV1D-19 and the political turmoil in October 2020 negatively impacted the business and investment environment. The greatest negative manifestations are observed in the sectors of mining, construction, professional, scientific and technical activities.
An unfavorable business environment is formed as a result of unresolved business security issues. According to a 2020 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development survey, surveys of business representatives and targeted interviews indicate a high level of corruption. The ego is also reflected in the position of Kyrgyzstan in the ranking compiled by Transparency International and in the State of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank, which show that the frequency of bribery in the Kyrgyz Republic very high compared to the Central Asian average.
At the same time, systemic internal problems in doing business remain. Concessional taxes, affordable financing and a favorable regulatory regime for small and medium-sized businesses encourage national businesses to operate in small formats. In the 2019 World Bank Doing Business ranking, the Kyrgyz Republic ranked 70th out of 190 countries, behind the Republic of Kazakhstan (28th), but ahead of the Republic of Uzbekistan (76th) and the Republic of Tajikistan (126th). The lowest indicators remain: access to electricity (174th place), payment of taxes (150th place) and enforcement of contracts (131st place).
Of particular concern is the high share of the informal economy, where more than 70% of the working population is involved and covered by unregulated relations. In this state of affairs, it is difficult to influence the economy through government fiscal stimulus and other official support measures.
The delay in litigation and the enforcement of court decisions seriously affects the development of business. As a result, the rule of law and sufficient protection of property rights are not fully ensured.
The state of basic infrastructures, which are close to a critical level, is a significant factor limiting development. Depreciation of fixed assets exceeds 80%. Reform of the entire system of housing and communal services is required. The quality of services provided is very low, the tariff system is not economically efficient, and resources are not being spent transparently. The main factor in the survival of most public infrastructures is a number of direct and indirect subsidies from the state.
2.4. social justice
The social system does not cope with its functions in full, despite investments in this area. Constant social and political upheavals are associated with a low degree of satisfaction with the quality of life. The country is ranked 120 out of 189 in the Human Development Index.
The population rightfully expresses dissatisfaction with the basic sectors that ensure human life. The key point is excessive social obligations with a low level of resource endowment and ineffective state policy. The total share of public spending allocated to the social sector is more than 50% of the total state budget expenditures.
The poverty rate has declined in recent years. However, the economic crisis of 2020 led to an increase in the poverty rate of the population to 25.3%. The child poverty rate in 2020 was 31.8%. The most vulnerable are Batken, Jalal-Abad and Naryn regions. Of significant concern is the increase in the number of people living in poverty, which is a significant challenge in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The likelihood of further deterioration of the situation depends on the depth and duration of the current crisis, since the population density near the poverty line is very high.
Despite the fact that a significant part of the state budget is allocated to the education and health sectors, the level of quality of services received by the population is extremely low. In the field of school education, the Kyrgyz Republic has so far demonstrated the worst results in the international PISA test. The main factors of the weak educational system are the low motivation of teachers and educators, as well as the insufficient level of technical and methodological support for schools.
The skill level of the labor force and the existing system of technical and vocational education and training need further support and development. About a third of companies point out that the level of training and education of the workforce does not meet market requirements, 21% of the officially registered unemployed have higher professional education, but remain unclaimed. Labor productivity, despite slight growth, remains the lowest in the Central Asian region.
The situation related to the spread of COVID-19 in 2020 demonstrated the collapse of the healthcare system. Since independence, this sector has always been a priority and has received a significant amount of funding. The crisis revealed systemic problems in almost all areas: in the training and lack of medical personnel, methods and standards of treatment, the lack of the necessary infrastructure and equipment, the availability of medicines and medicines. All levels of the health system were unprepared for a pandemic.
There are significant disproportions in terms of health and well-being between regions, between urban and rural areas. There is a significant gap between high and low rates of infant mortality and mortality among children under 5 years of age.
According to the global health security index, the Kyrgyz Republic in 2019 ranked 47 out of 195 countries. The weakest element was the ability to respond systematically to health emergencies, which was confirmed during the spread of COVID-19. The potential of the health system in terms of health workforce and lack of infrastructure to prevent infectious diseases was noted. Environmental factors such as access to clean drinking water and sanitation have a significant impact.
One of the constraints on the development of the country is the high level of unemployment. The situation on the labor market is characterized by an excess of low-skilled labor with an acute shortage of qualified personnel.
The proportion of employed women is low at 42% and is concentrated in sectors with low productivity. More than 61% of women work in the informal sector. The level of wages is almost a quarter less than that of men in comparable jobs. About half of young people entering the labor market do not have the cognitive and technical skills needed to secure quality jobs. More than 70% of the total number of employed youth work in the informal sector.
From the standpoint of achieving gender equality, there has been a significant regression with the low representation of women in public administration.
The question of labor migration of the population remains open. There are currently no exact statistics on labor migration, however, according to various estimates, this figure ranges from 500-750 thousand people. About 80% of migrants have a secondary general education, which determines their employment in low-skilled positions. The main host countries of compatriots are the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, in recent years there has been an increase in interest in Turkey and the Republic of Korea.
In 2020, the volume of inflow of remittances by labor migrants from foreign countries decreased and amounted to 2,377.2 million US dollars, which is about 31% in relation to GDP. The decrease in the volume of official transfers was due to a decrease in business activity in host countries.
The accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the EAEU in August 2015 lowered the barriers to the activities of labor migrants in the Russian Federation. It should be noted that a number of measures to support labor resources on the part of Turkey and the cultural community created the ground for the development of labor migrants in this area.
The number of people of working age in the next 5 years will increase by 250 thousand people, which is almost 2 times higher than the number of new jobs. Migration as a systemic phenomenon will take place in the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. Given the dependence of the economy on remittances, upgrading the skills of labor migrants, diversifying labor migration destinations, and being able to rapidly integrate socially are critical in the medium term.
2.5. Rule of law and enforcement of the rule of law. Law enforcement and security
Currently, the Kyrgyz Republic is under the influence of global political processes taking place on the world and regional arenas.
At the same time, the development of the situation in Afghanistan, in connection with the withdrawal of the troops of the international coalition led by the United States, associated with the threats of international terrorism, extremism, separatism and increased drug production, is one of the key threats to the security of Central Asia in general and the Kyrgyz Republic in particular.
Different views and the lack of a unified approach on the part of the countries of the Central Asian region to the existing problems, including water use, energy, uncontrolled migration, and in particular the issues of delimitation and demarcation of borders, create a real threat to the interests of the national security of the country, which has already resulted in a large-scale border conflict with numerous victims. among the population.
In addition, against the backdrop of political instability, internal problems related to ensuring public safety and law and order in the country were clearly exposed. In particular, organized crime is a serious threat to the security of the country and has an impact on almost all spheres of society. Of particular concern are the facts of the merging of crime with individual representatives of power and government, including in the system of law enforcement agencies.
Often, ordinary citizens not only do not find proper protection from law enforcement agencies, but, on the contrary, become victims of the actions of individual representatives of law enforcement agencies, for whom the main criterion for evaluating their activities is the level of detection and detection of crimes. As a result, a significant part of the country's population does not trust law enforcement agencies and does not feel safe.
The judicial branch of state power is one of the main components of the foundations of the state, ensuring legal stability in the country, allowing the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens and legal entities, creating the necessary conditions for political and economic activity. Building a democratic developed state is impossible without the creation of a fair and independent judiciary.
However, the country's judicial system continues to face both old and new problems that require radical solutions, and the system itself - significant changes aimed at improving the quality of the administration of justice, the authority of the courts and public confidence in judges.
There is a decrease in the level of professionalism in the performance of the tasks set to ensure public order, security, protection of life, health of citizens and their property, including that which became possible due to non-compliance by law enforcement officers with ethical standards of behavior.
2.6. Sustainability
The Kyrgyz Republic ranks 105 out of 180 countries in terms of the environmental performance index. Despite regular statements about the country's environmental friendliness and priorities for "green" sustainable development, the country's actions to preserve natural ecosystems and protect the entire spectrum of biodiversity are insufficient.
Critical concerns are caused by the level of degradation of pasture lands. Over and unregulated grazing and deforestation cause soil erosion and affect agriculture. Climate change risks are expected to have an additional negative impact on governance issues.
The issue of low access and poor provision of water supply and sanitation services has not been resolved. About 20% of the rural population does not have access to clean drinking water. Water quality is also poor, as 40% of water in rural areas is not properly treated.
The sanitary situation is deteriorating, as access to centralized sewerage systems is less than a third of the existing needs. This problem, within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, is noted as a significant challenge to the system of governance of the country and territories.
The wastewater and sanitation sector, like the water supply sector, is characterized by underinvestment, a weak regulatory environment, and poor financial and operational management.
The country has huge water resources - about 47 cubic meters. km of surface river runoff, while the Kyrgyz Republic uses about 20% of the river runoff. The poor condition of the irrigation infrastructure requires attention and its speedy rehabilitation and further development. The main problems are the lack of effective management of water resources in market conditions, poor technical condition of the irrigation infrastructure due to deterioration of facilities, lack of funds for repairs and maintenance, as well as the construction of new facilities.
With a huge hydropower potential, the Kyrgyz Republic has one of the most energy-intensive economies. The reasons are the low level of technological modernization of the economy and the politicization of the pricing process in the energy sector. This generally affects the lack of investment interest in this sector and the efficiency of the use of energy resources. The lack of investment in hydropower assets in recent years has led to a significant increase in coal production and consumption.
2.7. International aspects
The Kyrgyz Republic is on the path of further integration into the international community. In the spring of 2015, a decision was made on the entry of the Kyrgyz Republic into the EAEU. For business and society as a whole, this step brings both certain opportunities, but also increases competition with other economies of the union. The country needs to form a new economic model with the transition from re-export operations to the formation of a competitive production potential. Membership with the EAEU in the medium term implies a gradual harmonization of the financial, energy, transport and technological markets.
Inter-regional integration also continues to be hampered by shortcomings in the logistics sector, including the inefficiency of customs and border clearance and the quality of the associated infrastructure. The degree of economic protectionism in the region remains high, which limits the possibility of promoting national products.
The Kyrgyz Republic actively participates in international initiatives. However, the potential benefits of participation in the World Trade Organization and the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP+) have not been fully realized.
One of the most important items on the medium-term agenda of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be ensuring access to foreign markets, their diversification and increasing the competitiveness of domestic products.
Along with the traditional sales markets in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, insufficient attention is paid to the associated markets of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan. In general, in foreign economic policy, it is necessary to build well-thought-out models of cooperation in order to access the markets for goods and capital.
The current international situation continues to be characterized by growing tensions between the leading powers of the world, which affects the system of global security and,
respectively, Central Asia. The situation in the world is also aggravated in connection with the ongoing armed conflicts in the Middle East: in Syria, Iraq, Libya, in which extremist organizations participate, including citizens of Central Asia and other CIS countries. Tension and uncertainty are also associated with the withdrawal of the United States and the International Security Assistance Force from Afghanistan.
There remains the danger of exporting international terrorism, extremism, illegal drug and arms trafficking, the spread of ideology and worldview based on the teachings of radical doctrines, as well as the risk of a massive flow of Afghan refugees into the territory of neighboring countries and beyond.
The effective neutralization of all these threats goes beyond the national framework and requires the active interaction of the Kyrgyz Republic within the framework of the UN, the CSTO, the SCO and other international and regional organizations. Unresolved territorial and water issues are a source of potential conflicts, including armed ones, and increase the importance of resolving disputes on a legal basis, taking into account the interests of the parties in delimiting and demarcating the borders of the Kyrgyz Republic with the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan.
2.8. Crisis of identity and spiritual and moral values
With independence, the Kyrgyz Republic entered a difficult historical stage of its self-determination. The Kyrgyz Republic was not ready for many challenges associated with the rapid development of market relations and the formation of a consumer society. The dominance of material interests, separation from spiritual and moral values continue to influence the change in the worldview and values of the modern Kyrgyzstani.
The main problem of the period of independence of the country is the lack of a state ideology that could consolidate people with different values and interests. At the same time, spiritual, moral, universal values faded into the background, giving way to a policy of consumption and spiritual degradation of the individual.
Spiritual and moral values, transmitted historically from generation to generation, preserving the common identity of the people of the Kyrgyz Republic, have ceased to be supported and reproduced by the state in the educational and cultural policy and to be a value for society.
2.9. Demographic trends
An analysis of the demographic situation and a long-term forecast of its development revealed a number of factors that must be taken into account when developing medium-term conceptual documents related to the socio-economic development of the country.
The population of the Kyrgyz Republic will steadily increase. It is predicted that by the end of 2025 the seven millionth resident of the republic will appear. Demographic pressure will be observed in the Central Asian region, which determines the dynamics of migration processes. Currently, the concentration of the population around two territorial zones continues - (1) around the city of Bishkek, (2) along the axis of the cities of Osh - Jalal-Abad, which in the future will put pressure on the socio-economic infrastructure, ecology and food security.
The country will be constantly under pressure in the labor market due to the annual natural influx of young people of working age. By 2030, the peak of pressure will be reached, when about 350 thousand people a year will enter the labor market.
Also, in the medium term, there will be a steady increase in the share of people of retirement age - the annual increase will be about 20 thousand people, which should be taken into account in the framework of pension policy and the development of the healthcare system, the social services market.
III. ANTI-CRISIS MEASURES
3.1. Combating the spread and consequences of COVID-19
An analysis of the results of 2020 showed that it was the consequences of the spread of COVID-19 that significantly affected the deterioration of the socio-economic situation in the country.
In the fight against coronavirus and in order to prevent its further spread, the recurrence of outbreaks of the disease, it is necessary to be fully guided by the recommendations of the World Health Organization.
Key questions regarding the prospects for the spread of COVID-19 remain open. However, it is now clear that new virus mutations can reduce the effectiveness of existing vaccines. At the same time, there are a number of problems such as the timeliness of the distribution and recognition of vaccination by the population, the effectiveness of preventive and epidemiological measures.
In this regard, the first task is to prevent the import of new strains of COVID-19 and implement anti-epidemic measures. The implementation of this task will require the following measures.
Ensuring proper control over mandatory PCR testing or providing a document confirming receipt of a vaccine against coronavirus infection arriving from foreign countries on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. For these purposes, it is necessary to make appropriate changes and additions to the existing algorithms to prevent the importation and spread of new strains of coronavirus in relation to citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic, foreign citizens crossing the state border of the Kyrgyz Republic. These algorithms should be constantly reviewed, taking into account the results of monitoring the current epidemiological situation in the country and the world.
Strengthening explanatory work and bringing the most objective information to the population about the situation with the spread of the disease, the policy of the state, preventive measures, information about the disease.
Strengthen the capacity to deliver essential health services to ensure emergency response capabilities. One of the most important elements is the high-quality laboratory and diagnostic work of the relevant services, the conduct of epidemiological surveillance in a crisis. Anticipatory measures should be developed for persons at risk, based on systematic scientific and practical forecasting of the development of the situation.
Determining the list of hospitals that are primarily involved in providing medical care to the sick, and mobilizing the necessary resources for intensive care. At the same time, it is necessary to organize specialized facilities for providing care to patients with a mild form of the disease at the place of actual residence.
Development of measures to strengthen infection control and ensure safe working conditions for medical workers providing medical care to sick people, taking into account the high incidence statistics of medical workers.
Audit of the supply chain and stocks of essential medicines and medical equipment. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure unhindered logistics along the entire route. On the other hand, it is necessary to strictly, up to bringing to criminal responsibility, suppress the facts of the use of one's official position for profit with the use of corruption schemes. For the heads of the relevant state bodies responsible for the purchase of materials and equipment, provide for personal responsibility for the timeliness and quality of supplies. Full automation of accounting for the circulation of medicines should be ensured. At the same time, it is necessary to revise the system of registration and certification of medicines, providing for procedures for their accelerated review in emergency situations. At the same time, it is necessary to solve the issues of transparency and openness of pricing for medicines in the Kyrgyz Republic.
It is necessary to consolidate all financial resources and form a single control center. Under these conditions, general coordination is needed, as well as promptness in making financial decisions on the allocation of resources, softening the rules for organizing public procurement. In case of a shortage of funds, urgently initiate a search for sources of operational funding.
Legislative regulation of issues of remuneration for remote work, flexible working conditions, especially in emergency situations and state of emergency, should be accelerated.
The social protection system will be strengthened to mitigate the consequences of the spread of the disease and support disabled and socially vulnerable groups of the population through the introduction of a digital database of families in need of assistance, which will subsequently become the main tool for providing targeted social support in the form of various subsidies, benefits and compensations.
In addition, for these categories of the population, measures for diagnosing, prevention and guaranteed access to medical services should be thought out. Financial social payments should be made in full and in a timely manner at the place of actual stay using modern digital technologies in accordance with the law and promptly adopted decisions.
Provide for the development of digital skills among socially vulnerable segments of the population to ensure access to services implemented in health and social protection systems.
It is necessary to legislate the activities of volunteers and charitable organizations, understanding the importance of consolidating the efforts of the whole society in a crisis, providing for motivational mechanisms for the development of these areas.
The second task is the organization and implementation of vaccination. All citizens of the country staying outside its borders, including those engaged in labor activities, must be provided with access to vaccination. It is necessary to give the right to choose vaccines to the citizens of the country. The vaccine registration system will be changed by expanding the possibilities for choosing vaccines and accelerating their registration, taking into account the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the assistance of the EAEU member states. The market for healthcare services for vaccination of the population should be developed as much as possible with the wide involvement of private healthcare organizations. At the same time, there should be strict state control over compliance with vaccine safety conditions and vaccination procedures. A national COVID-I9 vaccination plan will be developed to bring the vaccination rate to 70% of the population at risk.
Oblige relevant government agencies to ensure an uninterrupted supply of vaccines for the formation of herd immunity, as well as the prevention of the emergence of new strains of COVID-19.
The healthcare system should constantly monitor the side effects of vaccination and make proposals for their prevention, regularly update relevant decisions on vaccination of the population. Develop a module in which every doctor and citizen of the country will know about the possibilities and services of healthcare institutions in case of side effects of vaccination.
The third task is to expand the integration of the database of vaccinated and tested persons with the databases of other countries in order to ensure smooth border crossings. It is necessary to intensify contacts at the level of ministries of health, using both bilateral and multilateral formats, with active involvement in the work of foreign policy representations of the Kyrgyz Republic.
3.2. Recovery of economic activity
The impact of the spread of COVID-19 on the economy is unprecedented. All the world's financial institutions have announced a global deep recession for the first time in 80 years. Measures taken to prevent the massive spread of COVID-19 led to the collapse of international trade, the suspension of entire sectors of national economies, and a significant deterioration in the well-being of the population.
Taking into account the negative forecasts and emerging trends in
2021-2022, measures to mitigate the consequences of the crisis and measures aimed at restoring the national economy should be taken as a basic priority.
First of all, it is necessary to guarantee from the side of the state the functioning of vital sectors - basic infrastructures, such as energy supply, telecommunications and food security facilities. If necessary, such economic entities should be provided with a deferment on loans, emergency lending measures.
The state should provide support to backbone enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses and citizens who are temporarily unable to work or have lost their jobs due to the spread of coronavirus infection, including through long-term concessional lending.
A Stabilization Fund will be created to mobilize financial resources, accumulate reserves for future generations and finance urgent measures, as well as reduce the dependence of the economy on the impact of adverse external factors.
The current situation has led to a high probability of bankruptcy of large economic entities. One of the possible options for state support of business in a crisis could be the purchase by the state of accounts payable of backbone companies, the restructuring of their debts to the state budget, or the conversion of the amount of debts into a share in the authorized capital of enterprises, with their consent, with the obligation of subsequent exit. To maintain liquidity, it is possible to issue corporate securities and purchase them by the state.
The system of public finances also came under serious pressure. In 2020, the revenue side of the budget fell sharply. Most likely, the budget will experience liquidity problems. In this regard, it is necessary to go for the sequestration of individual items and, in parallel, work with financial institutions to support current liquidity. It is necessary to continue working with creditors to restructure and write off the public debt, including through mechanisms for exchanging debt for projects in the field of ecology and green technologies.
Domestic policy measures must be supported by the preservation of international trade and cooperation, which are essential for a rapid economic recovery. It is necessary to speed up the measures taken on the EAEU site to remove unnecessary barriers to foreign trade. Work should be continued on a bilateral basis with neighboring states - the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as with other countries, cooperation with which determines foreign economic activity. In addition to the formation of trade and logistics centers in the border areas, it is necessary to fully automate import and export operations with the harmonization of relevant procedures for the smooth regional transit of goods.
Despite the crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic, the situation in the regional market has improved for some industries. In particular, some types of agricultural products are in high demand. It is necessary to resolve organizational, legal and land issues as soon as possible for the construction of a logistics center for the procurement, processing, storage and sale of agricultural products. At the same time, in order to avoid a food crisis within the country, it is necessary to adopt a package of measures related to the allocation of resources for the most vulnerable segments of the population, the formation of a state reserve for the most demanded food positions, negotiations with partners on the subject of stability of supplies, regulation of any speculative manifestations in the domestic food market. and essential goods, ensuring conditions for the protection and development of competition in trading activities, including within the framework of antimonopoly response.
3.3. Quality and accessibility of education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
The education system of the Kyrgyz Republic was not ready for the transition to a remote work format. This is evidenced
the results of testing the knowledge of schoolchildren during the All-Republican testing. The deterioration in the quality of education during the COVID-19 pandemic will have long-term consequences for the future of a significant number of young people.
In this regard, it is necessary to develop and implement new requirements that provide for innovative approaches in the educational process management system. In an intensive mode, conduct training for teaching staff on the features of conducting lessons online. It is necessary to create an open free online platform for students of all forms of education with the formation of a database of the best lecture materials and practical exercises. Also provide IT-infrastructure for educational institutions, schools with computer equipment in accordance with modern requirements and programs.
3.4. Crisis management
In a crisis, the main factors that determine the possibility of an early entry into the trajectory of functioning and minimization of negative consequences lie in the plane of management. The cornerstone prerequisites for anti-crisis management are a meaningful and updated readiness of the management system for changes and strict discipline.
It is necessary to have a subject of anti-crisis management at the highest level of government and a full understanding of the complexity and complexity of the current situation. Despite the presence of various coordinating councils, commissions, working groups, their effectiveness is questionable. In this regard, it is proposed to create a platform for persons holding the highest government positions in the format of the Anti-Crisis Committee. The goal is to quickly analyze the situation, conduct consultations and make prompt coordinated decisions.
To update the processes of anti-crisis management at all levels (in the context of territories and sectors of the economy) and society in order to form a real agenda and formulate issues facing the country.
To maintain the integrity of management, it is proposed to create advisory platforms for operational analysis and decision-making on the most important areas of the agenda. In particular, the work of anti-crisis advisory councils should be focused on: food security, fiscal consolidation, anti-epidemic activities and the elimination of the social consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection, economic recovery and competitiveness development. On a temporary basis, the implementation of a simplified algorithm and decision-making procedures will be required. Bureaucratic delays should be minimized, but without affecting the quality of the content of the decisions under consideration. In some cases, it is necessary to provide a flexible system for the implementation of pilot projects using a "regulatory sandbox".
IV. GOVERNANCE REFORM IS THE CORE OF DEVELOPMENT
Currently there are problems in management. We need to dismantle the management system that has become ineffective and build a new one that meets external challenges and internal needs. At present, there are all the conditions and political prerequisites for the prompt implementation of the modernization of management.
4.1. Executive Reform
The system of the executive branch of government should be aimed at serving the interests of society, demonstrating its mobility and professionalism, promptly solving urgent problems. The new model should be based on the principles of accountability, openness, efficiency and the need for regulation.
Particular attention will be paid to the formation of professional institutions of executive power. In order to improve efficiency, the structure of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be reorganized. The functions of state bodies and their structural subdivisions will be determined on the basis of program goals and objective necessity.
A single strategic development management center will be formed in the system of state power, including the one responsible for maintaining the conceptual framework and management standards. Strategic development management will be supported by analytical institutions and funding instruments. Operational management will be entrusted to the heads of industry areas and territories. The structure of state bodies will be optimized by subordinating organizational structures to management processes (functions), and management processes to the strategic goals of the country.
Administrative reform should take into account the issue of coordination of plans and actions with business, civil and donor communities. It is necessary to create conditions for the widespread use of public-private dialogue with the obligatory participation of officials of the highest level of executive authorities.
Full automation of management processes is required. The digitalization of the country should be carried out primarily in the public administration system. The concept of "Data-driven governance" will be introduced, according to which all decisions should be based on "Big data" analytics accumulated by public and private systems.
Public services will be provided in various ways convenient for consumers, primarily through digital technologies. At the same time, every citizen will be able to receive them, regardless of their location, both within the country and abroad. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of public services, the practice of outsourcing will be widely used.
The formation of a public administration system should be based on the principles of meritocracy. In this regard, personnel decisions will be made taking into account professional characteristics and integrity, seniority and work experience. High qualification requirements for candidates for leading public positions, including political ones, will be legislatively approved. The principle of selection from among the reserves will also find application in appointments to individual political positions. Guarantees will remain for equal access of citizens upon admission to positions of all levels of state and municipal service, regardless of gender, race, language, ethnicity, religion, age, political or other beliefs, origin, property or other status, disability, as well as other circumstances .
Inclusion in the personnel reserve will be carried out on a competitive basis, as well as taking into account the significant professional results of the work of current employees. The procedures for testing candidates for positions with a focus on identifying professional qualities, skills and competencies will change.
Consistent actions will be taken to improve the incentives for the work of state and municipal employees. The unified system of remuneration will be preserved, but the most conscientious employees will receive bonuses and allowances for the quality performance of tasks and the initiative shown. In order to build an effective personnel policy, as well as provide a social package for state and municipal employees, the Kelechek program will be developed.
Continuity of personnel will be ensured during the change of generations, the institution of mentoring experienced workers for newly recruited employees will be introduced, a harmonious combination of personnel by age will be ensured by retaining experienced personnel and influx of promising young people into the service.
The issue of training, retraining and advanced training of state and municipal service personnel will be raised to a new qualitative level. For state and municipal employees during the period of training or advanced training, wages and other guarantees will be retained. At the same time, questions on the obligations of employees to work in the state, municipal service after completing training will be put under special control.
Organizational and institutional changes will be introduced in the system of state audit, the transition to strategic audits aimed at countering the risks and threats to economic security in the executive authorities and organizations under their jurisdiction will be carried out.
Projects:
1) creation of a coordinating council for reforming the public administration system with the participation of civil society, business and other interested parties;
2) introduction of the concept of “Data-driven governance”;
3) improvement of the system for evaluating the activities of state and municipal bodies and their leaders, based on the achievement of target indicators and the effectiveness of the implementation of strategic development programs;
4) implementation of the State Strategy for the Development and Formation of Personnel in the Kyrgyz Republic;
5) implementation of the Kelechek program.
4.2. Digitization of management and development of digital infrastructure
Digital technologies will be introduced into all spheres of human life. For this, in addition to the formation of basic digital skills and the creation of a favorable environment, it is necessary to create appropriate infrastructures and systems. Fundamental for the state policy will be the availability of communication services for all categories of citizens, including groups with special needs, on the principle of "walking distance", overcoming the digital divide in access.
The national digital infrastructure will include networks, data centers, cloud technologies, information and service access centers, digital platforms, including broadband and broadcasting. The digital infrastructure must be able to support the rapid growth in traffic, providing coverage with sufficient bandwidth to meet new demands.
Conditions will be created to encourage investment in the national digital infrastructure so that no region of the country is left without proper communication and access. Efficient use of the radio spectrum will further boost investment and innovation in communications technology. The created national digital infrastructure should ensure the full transmission of automated machine-to-machine traffic and contribute to the growth of I0T / I0E (Internet of Things / Internet of Everything).
The construction of a single multi-component system will begin in the Kyrgyz Republic, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of numerous state information systems in compliance with the necessary security requirements. The creation of data processing centers with services based on cloud computing technologies will be aimed at increasing the performance of various information systems of the state. The construction of data processing centers must comply with global standards and requirements for such systems.
Electronic governance of the Kyrgyz Republic should be implemented not only by state or municipal authorities. It is necessary to systematically and systematically connect business structures to the e-government system of the state in such a way that commercial organizations are also interested in promoting digital Kyrgyzstan.
Automated systems will make it possible to implement electronic traceability of goods and services, an electronic document management system. Innovative solutions (financial technologies) will be introduced to provide traditional financial services. Measures must be completed to modernize state information resources and technical infrastructure, the state portal of electronic services, the unified identification system, the state system of electronic messages, the state system of electronic payments.
Projects:
1) the launch of the national educational program "Systematic improvement of digital competencies of civil servants to support digital public administration";
2) launch of the project "National digital ecosystem through integrated smart platforms / information systems";,
3) full functioning of the unified State portal of electronic services;
4) launch of the "Smart City" phase as a continuation of the "Safe City" project;
5) implementation of the system of digital interaction "State-citizen";
6) completion of the process of automating business processes in state bodies and local governments;
7) launch of the Open Data portal;
8) deployment of G-cloud;
9) launch of the project "Artificial Intelligence as a Big Data Base";
10) adoption and implementation of the concept "Digital Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic".
4.3. Reform of the administrative-territorial structure
The country urgently needs a reform of the administrative-territorial structure and management. Currently, there are large disproportions in the development of regions, managerial gaps between levels of government, weak interregional ties, concentration of resources in the center and decapitalization of regions.
The new model of the administrative-territorial structure of the Kyrgyz Republic should combine two components: (1) an updated system of public administration, which will allow building an effective vertical of power, and (2) a new administrative-territorial division, which will allow the reform of the governance system to be implemented. At the same time, management reform is the primary and main task in relation to the new boundaries of administrative entities.
For the future model of the administrative-territorial structure, the following fundamental provisions will be established:
1) deconcentration of public administration. Reform should be concentrated at the district level;
2) orientation towards economic development. Governance reform and new administrative boundaries should be tied to economic development factors;
3) guaranteeing social development. The social aspects of the reform should be addressed already within the new boundaries. Social development standards will be set in education, health care, culture, sports and social assistance.
Functions, powers and responsibilities will be redistributed between the central level of executive power and the local level of power. The central level of executive power will be responsible for the security, integrity and development of the country, while local authorities will be responsible for the effective functioning of the territories.
At present, a sectoral approach to the management of territories is not enough, in connection with which a transition will be made to the integrated development of territories.
The distribution of income between the republican and local budgets will be revised in order to expand opportunities on the ground. At the same time, local authorities must implement all delegated fiscal functions.
For specific border areas, specialized development programs will be prepared, taking into account their special status.
Based on the principles of territorial-cluster development, master plans for the development of territories will be prepared with the obligations of the state to develop the corresponding vital infrastructure. For each region, 2-3 priority sectors will be identified based on their competitive advantages and investment projects will be prepared, the implementation of which will become a priority for both ministries and departments, and for heads of local governments. Specialized institutions will be created to prepare and evaluate investment projects in priority sectors, including to increase the capacity of entrepreneurs to develop business plans.
Projects:
1) updating the Concept of the regional policy of the Kyrgyz Republic;
2) carrying out a phased decentralization of public administration, providing for the transfer of executive powers from the central level to the territories, including with the transfer of appropriate sources of funding;
3) creation of specialized institutions for the preparation and evaluation of regional investment projects;
4) development of specialized programs for the development of border areas.
4.4. Fiscal reform
In order to simplify fiscal procedures, reduce the tax burden, bring the "gray" business out of the shadows and form a fair taxation system, further implementation of the Smart Salym project will continue, aimed at digitalizing tax and customs administration.
Given the high corruption risks in the fiscal sphere, one of the main areas should be the improvement of excise taxation and the VAT refund system, as well as the reduction of tax incentives, the introduction of digital administration mechanisms. One of the important tasks of the tax policy reform for the medium term will be the complete digitalization of tax procedures by introducing a remote tax control system, simplifying tax accounting for business entities and optimizing reporting. It is necessary to achieve full integration of tax and customs information systems. The tax service and the customs service will be provided with a transition to a service model for servicing taxpayers, the introduction of single windows on the basis of the front office and back office.
In order to improve the management system of the country's regulatory authorities, the process of creating a legal basis for the introduction of a digital platform for tax and customs administration, as well as remote methods for providing services, has begun, and the concept of the national project "Smart Salym" has been developed and approved.
The main goal of the national project "Smart Salym" is to create favorable conditions for business and investors, protect consumers and business entities from counterfeit products, prevent corruption by reducing business contacts with government agencies, reduce smuggling / unaccounted for the import of goods and the shadow economy, increase revenues in the state budget.
Favorable conditions for conducting foreign trade should also be provided by simplifying and automating customs procedures. At the same time, it is necessary to introduce software products to speed up customs clearance processes (electronic customs). This will speed up the passage of customs formalities and minimize the influence of the human factor in decision-making at all stages of customs operations. An automated data exchange system will be established not with the EAEU member states, but also with third countries. Pre-declaration of goods upon import will be introduced for all
types of transport. A unified system for identifying participants in foreign economic activity within the EAEU will be created, and the forms of electronic documents will be simplified.
The main indicators of the effectiveness of the activities of the customs authorities will be the creation of favorable conditions for business, the speed and quality of service. Time indicators will be set for the speed of customs operations, for which the streams will be categorized according to the principle of a "green" corridor and automatic release of goods.
It is necessary to consider the transition to a single tax calculated on the basis of turnover, which will allow the introduction of the principle "One country - one tax - one authority".
Serious transformations require the system of social insurance of the population. The existing imbalance should be corrected based on a fair distribution of burdens among different groups of payers and recipients.
In order to bring small and medium-sized businesses out of the shadows, the rates of social contributions will be revised downwards depending on the number of employees in the enterprise. In addition, the norms adopted in 2020 have not been fully implemented.of the LawKyrgyz Republic "On voluntary declaration of property and income by individuals". In this regard, it is necessary to conduct a broad information campaign about the benefits and guarantees of the legalization of capital for their full inclusion in official circulation.
The production and circulation of excisable goods (alcoholic beverages, petroleum products, tobacco products) and medicines will be taken under special control. For these groups of goods, first of all, automated tracking of their origin, turnover, and sale will be introduced.
Work will be actively continued to increase the share of non-cash payments from 45% to 50% to ensure an equilibrium ratio of the share of cash and non-cash payments and settlements.
Projects:
1) development of a new edition of the Tax Code of the Kyrgyz Republic;
2) completion of full automation (fiscalization) of tax procedures;
3) introduction of software products to speed up customs clearance processes (electronic customs);
4) introduction of a digital map of the location of economic entities in the cities of Bishkek and Osh.
4.5. Judicial and Law Enforcement Reform
The rule of law, ensuring public order, the security of citizens and their property are the fundamental duties of the state and its institutions. Within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is a high level of evidence of corruption. The need for systemic reforms in the law enforcement sector is long overdue.
In administrative terms, the reform of the law enforcement system in the direction of prevention and prevention of crime will be carried out. In particular, the concept of the state policy on crime prevention and the National Action Plan for its implementation will be developed and approved. All unusual functions of the internal affairs system will be abolished. The issue of the advisability of creating a municipal police and transferring the functions of ensuring public order to the localities will be studied.
The issue of creating a single investigative body that combines the functions of conducting an investigation carried out by the relevant departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Prosecutor General's Office of the Kyrgyz Republic, the State Committee for National Security of the Kyrgyz Republic and other law enforcement agencies will be studied.
The legislation will toughen criminal liability for certain categories of crime, in particular for violence against children and women, inciting ethnic hatred. Pilot projects will be implemented to introduce modern technical means of tracking, compliance with the terms of a protection order. In addition, liability for violation of the terms of a protection order will be strengthened.
In terms of infrastructure, the Safe City project will be continued. It is planned to expand the geographical scope of the project and its functionality, including the issues of crime and crime prevention in public places of settlements.
Among the key areas in the fight against organized crime are the improvement of the regulatory legal framework and the implementation of a set of preventive measures aimed at depopularizing the criminal ideology and criminal subculture. In addition, the presence of a criminal status will become an independent element of a crime, including taking into account the completion of the implementation of the norms of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime into national legislation.
It is necessary to tighten the personnel policy, revise the system of qualification requirements for each category of positions in the law enforcement system, introduce a mechanism for horizontal rotation of key heads of territorial and sectoral divisions with their appointment to other regions of the country.
In order to prevent the international transit of drugs, work will be intensified to combat drug trafficking. Responsibility will be toughened for such crimes as the sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in large and especially large amounts, involvement and inducement to their consumption, as well as advertising and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances using the Internet and Darknet, electronic means of payment.
Interaction with such specialized institutions of the United Nations (UN) as the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, the International Narcotics Control Board, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, as well as with regional international organizations - the Collective Treaty Organization security, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, etc.
A national notification mechanism for the emergence of new synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances will be introduced and steps will be taken to integrate it into the relevant international systems.
In order to increase the level of public confidence in law enforcement agencies, the responsibility of law enforcement officers for non-compliance with professional and ethical standards in the performance of their duties will be toughened.
Law enforcement agencies of the Kyrgyz Republic will be provided with the necessary special equipment and material and technical means to fully and effectively fulfill the assigned duties to protect public safety, protect the life, health and property of citizens.
To strengthen the independence of the judiciary, ensure the transparency of its activities, real access of citizens to justice in the course of the judicial and legal reform, significant steps were taken.
It is necessary to continue the initiated reform process aimed at building a judicial system worthy of people's trust and able to effectively protect the rights of citizens.
One of the priority areas for improving the process of administration of justice is the use of modern information technologies in the activities of courts. The introduction of e-justice will not only achieve maximum transparency and facilitate citizens' access to justice, but will also help improve the quality and transparency of justice, and eliminate red tape when considering cases in courts.
To improve the quality of the administration of justice and create unhindered access to it for citizens, a system of remote legal proceedings will be introduced in the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz Republic and local courts, remote consideration of criminal, civil, economic and administrative cases using technical means of communication, electronic legal proceedings, as well as simplified ( written) consideration of cases in the court of cassation.
To strengthen human resources in the judiciary, it is planned to improve special training programs for judges and employees of the judiciary, introduce the practice of joint training of judges, prosecutors and lawyers. In addition, in order to increase the responsibility of judges, a system for evaluating their professional activities will be introduced.
The institutional foundations of the judicial system will be strengthened by uniform judicial practice, clearly developed by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Guaranteeing the right of everyone to judicial protection, the state will ensure the development of extrajudicial and pre-trial methods, forms and ways of protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
The development of the institution of mediation will lead to a significant unloading of the judicial system.
It is necessary to continue the active phase of digitalization of law enforcement agencies in the Kyrgyz Republic, to ensure in the future a full transition to the technology of electronic criminal justice.
Projects:
1) adoption of the Concept of state policy for the prevention of offenses;
2) creation of the Coordinating Council for the Prevention of Offenses;
3) adoption of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On Combating Organized Crime";
4) adoption of the state program to combat organized crime until 2026;
5) adoption of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors";
6) approval of the anti-drug program of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic and its implementation plan for 2022-2025;
7) introduction of a national notification mechanism on the emergence of new synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances;
8) development and adoption of a new state target program for the development of the judicial system of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026.
V. CREATING THE ENVIRONMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT
The key task of the state in the medium term will be the formation of an environment necessary and sufficient for the realization of the potential of each person. The Kyrgyz Republic will consistently improve conditions for entrepreneurs in terms of regulation, investment climate and infrastructure. The rule of law, property protection, contract law, dispute resolution, equal competition, investor accompaniment and an appropriate regulatory environment will be ensured.
5.1. Investment and business climate, export promotion
The key source of development is foreign direct investment, the inflow of which should reach 13% in relation to GDP. The development of the investment climate in the Kyrgyz Republic throughout history has been strongly influenced by internal and external shocks. The consequences of the events of autumn 2020 had a negative impact on the investment climate. There is a lot of work to be done to restore and further improve the situation.
A fundamental problem for business development is the incapacity of the judiciary, the main function of which is the legislative resolution of conflicts. We need to initiate a public dialogue on carrying out deep reforms of the judiciary, ensuring real independence, transparency before society, responsibility before the law.
The indicators of the Kyrgyz Republic in various international rankings are one of the main benchmarks in the implementation of reforms. In the medium term, the country's performance on the most problematic issues should be improved.
Further steps will be taken to put into practice public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms and create the necessary favorable conditions for this by improving the quality of projects, improving public administration and strengthening human potential in the field of PPP, raising awareness of the PPP mechanism, as well as developing financial PPP tools.
In order to diversify the inflow of investments into non-traditional sectors of the economy for the Kyrgyz Republic and to maximize the potential of the investment market, the issue of creating infrastructure investment funds will be considered. In addition, measures will be taken to stimulate the attraction of funds from citizens, including migrants, for the implementation of investment projects.
In order to create favorable conditions for business development and attract investment, the instruments of specialized zones will be expanded, including production and industrial zones, technology parks, and free economic zones. A key element of these instruments will be special regimes for regulating business activities, including mechanisms for granting special regimes without reference to certain territories (extraterritoriality).
The management of the FEZ will be reorganized, in particular, by attracting commercial management companies that have proven themselves at the world level. These companies will receive all the necessary powers to attract investors to the FEZ, create conditions for the development of export-oriented enterprises, as well as expand markets for products of FEZ subjects. In addition, for these purposes, the network of transport and logistics centers in the regions will be expanded.
For large-scale investments in national-level facilities, a special “strategic investor” regime will be created with increased support measures and security guarantees. Possible options for providing state guarantees in the implementation of large investment projects will be considered.
In their activities, state bodies will pursue a policy of creating the most comfortable conditions for business. At all levels, state power will be guided by the principles of inviolability of private property, the presumption of innocence, the interpretation of all gaps and conflicts in favor of entrepreneurs, and a service approach in the exercise of their functions. Suspension of the activities of companies without a corresponding court decision should be excluded. An additional tool to support and protect business should be the institution of the business ombudsman. The principles of “smart regulation” and the “regulatory sandbox” mechanism should be widely applied.
In the near future, it is necessary to finally decriminalize the sphere of economic offenses. With the introduction of the principles of joint and comprehensive inspections by state regulatory authorities, the number of inspections and business costs in this regard will be reduced. The number of business contacts with government agencies will also be reduced through the use of digital technologies in the inspection system.
In order to develop small and medium-sized businesses, an infrastructure for consulting and informing will be formed. Also, in order to accelerate the provision of integrated services to enterprises, the number and range of services provided through the PSC will be increased, with a clear regulation of the list and time of provision of services.
There will be an optimization of licensed activities and permits, digitalization of procedures for issuing licenses and other permits, concretization of licensing requirements and clarification of individual norms, elimination of internal contradictions. To a large extent, licensing and permitting procedures in the construction sector will be optimized.
A unified regulation for connection to infrastructure (electricity, water, sewerage) will be developed with an accurate connection schedule and required payment, which will streamline the procedures for issuing permits and reduce corruption.
Global digitalization and the rapid development of Internet technologies lead to changes in the development of almost all areas of the world economy. Given these trends, the promotion of goods must also be carried out through technological platforms that bring together buyers, sellers and service companies to sell and deliver goods to foreign and domestic consumers. To do this, an ecosystem for the development of electronic commerce will be created. The regulatory and legal framework for conducting electronic commerce will be formed, which determine the principles of regulation, the procedure for processing transactions and the principles of taxation, the procedure for exchanging information between participants in the process and cybersecurity issues.
A national e-commerce operator needs to be identified. In order to develop the infrastructure of trade and postal operations, a project will be implemented to build an e-commerce park near major transport hubs of the country.
The development of exports of goods will be facilitated by a state institution that provides exporters with a wide range of financial and non-financial support measures. Comprehensive support will be provided to companies with the highest export potential by providing access to long and cheap credit resources and trade information.
Special attention will be paid to the development of the national quality infrastructure (standardization, metrology, conformity assessment, accreditation). State support mechanisms will be strengthened to expand the laboratory test base and strengthen the reference base. In the budget expenditures, it is necessary to provide for a sufficient amount of funds for further equipping and improving the laboratory facilities. These activities are key in developing the country's export potential.
As part of improving the country's investment climate and ensuring the inflow of direct investment, it is necessary to increase the number of intergovernmental agreements on the avoidance of double taxation of non-residents in the Kyrgyz Republic who carry out investment activities and receive income in our country, in addition to simplifying the process of processing relevant documents for obtaining tax benefits.
Projects:
1) creation of business service centers in the cities of Bishkek and Osh, as well as in the regions of the country;
2) launch of the project "E-entrepreneurship", training in e-entrepreneurship, conducting information campaigns to replicate the best practices of e-entrepreneurs;
3) introduction of the electronic licensing system "E-licensing";
4) launch of the E-commerce ecosystem and the E-commerce Park;
5) technology transfer through the creation of hubs - the integration of business and academic institutions;
6) creation of the state Export-Import Bank;
7) national export program "Made in Kyrgyzstan" for 2022-2026;
8) development of pilot projects within the frameworkof the LawKyrgyz Republic "On public-private partnership" to attract funds from national partners for new undeveloped production areas;
9) introduction of mechanisms to stimulate industrial cooperation and integration into value chains with the EAEU countries;
10) formation and implementation of investment lots.
5.2. Transport and logistics infrastructure
One of the most important priorities is transport and logistics integration and solving the problem of the country's transport isolation.
First of all, it is necessary to resolve the issue of launching the construction of the strategic project "China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway" in the coming five-year period.
The support of transport highways and international corridors will be a priority of the state policy. Along with the corridors Kashgar - Irkeshtam - Osh, Kashgar - Torugart - Naryn, it is advisable to consider the launch of the international corridor Aksu (PRC)
- Barskoon - Balykchy and the creation of a logistics center in the city of Balykchy. Construction projects will be prioritized
North-South highways, reconstruction of Osh-Batken-Isfana-Khujand, Taraz-Talas-Suusamyr. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the further free movement of goods through the territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The state will create conditions (including the allocation of a land plot) for the formation of a modernly equipped multimodal cargo hub that combines air, rail and road transport.
It is necessary to continue liberalization in the field of air transport in order to integrate the country as much as possible into international air routes, both in terms of passenger transportation and cargo transportation. It is necessary to find a recognized international investor for the creation and development of a cargo center based on the Manas International Airport to provide international logistics services. On the basis of the Osh International Airport, a passenger transportation center for the Ferghana Valley should be formed, and Isfana Airport in the Batken region should also be modernized as part of the Batken Region Development Program. On the basis of the Tamchy airport, a postal logistics center will be created, integrated into international postal and trade flows. In the development of transport and logistics infrastructure, modern digital technologies will be introduced to ensure seamless transit corridors.
Projects:
1) introduction of an information system for weight control of vehicles and collection of fees from freight vehicles;
2) implementation of the construction of the railway line "China
- Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan" within the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" project to develop the country's transit potential;
3) creation of a multimodal cargo hub (transport and logistics center);
4) completion of the construction of projects for the alternative North-South highway, the Issyk-Kul ring road;
5) reconstruction of the highway Osh — Batken — Isfana — Khujant; Tube - Keren; Taraz — Talas — Suusamyr;
6) launching the international corridor Aksu (PRC) — Barskoon — Balykchy with a logistics center in Balykchy;
7) creation of a trade and logistics center in the city of Kyzyl-Kiya, Batken region;
8) implementation of projects “Development and modernization of airports of Manas International Airport OJSC”.
5.3. Land reform
Agriculture is one of the priorities of the national economy, but there is persistent land degradation and soil erosion due to unsustainable land use and lack of public investment. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the degree of land degradation has reached a critical level, and taking into account the consequences of climate change, there is practically no time left to change the situation.
The key direction of reforms in the field of land use will be to stimulate their most efficient and rational exploitation. The state will form mechanisms for consolidating the fragmented structure of land owners and maximizing added value. Fiscal and tariff measures, state programs in the field of agriculture will be aimed at this. Only in this case it will be possible to reverse the trend towards land degradation.
The country is in dire need of land reform and modernization of land administration. It is necessary to change the culture and philosophy of attitude to the land, to strengthen the institutions of land management in the field, to complete the formation of the land market.
As part of the renewal of the Land Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, it is necessary to revise and lay down norms that promote the liberalization of the land market, as well as the rational use of agricultural land (withdrawal, alienation, acquisition, pledge, evaluation).
It is necessary to conduct an inventory of the land fund of the republic and draw up an updated land cadastre, audit
of the entire land fund owned by the state, and the formation of new mechanisms for the provision of land for temporary use with the involvement of strategic investors.
Stimulation and state support for the introduction of new lands into agricultural production by developing unproductive lands, foothill and sloping lands, improving the reclamation state of agricultural lands.
Projects:
1) development of slope and foothill lands;
2) updating the cadastre of the land fund, inventory of state lands with the formation of a digital map of land for agricultural and other purposes;
3) land exchange, an online platform for transactions with agricultural land;
4) development and implementation of the Concept for the development of agricultural land in the Kyrgyz Republic on
2022-2026;
5) adoption of the new Land Code of the Kyrgyz Republic.
5.4. Clean drinking water
The primary issue in terms of ensuring the quality of life of people in rural areas is the provision of clean drinking water to every settlement in the country. The policy in the field of drinking water supply will be aimed at creating an economically sustainable, affordable service for safe and high-quality water supply.
The main focus of this policy will be directed to the construction and rehabilitation of physical infrastructure. In the next five years, the state will invest about 470 million US dollars at the expense of external donors and the republican budget and bring water to 95% of the country's settlements. About 100 villages of the republic will be connected annually to clean and safe drinking water facilities.
For the sustainability of the supply of clean drinking water, a financial model for the operation of enterprises providing the supply of clean drinking water will be developed in a market format with a reliable system of subsidizing vulnerable groups of the population.
Projects:
1) implementation of the World Bank project in Issyk-Kul, Osh and Chui regions (project amount - 71.2 million US dollars); Jalal-Abad region (project amount - 23 million US dollars);
3) implementation of the project of the Islamic Development Bank and the Saudi Development Fund in Batken and Talas regions (project amount - 60 million US dollars);
4) implementation of the project of the Asian Development Bank in the Naryn region (project amount - 32.9 million US dollars);
5) implementation of the project of the Government of the People's Republic of China in the Jalal-Abad region (project amount - 100 million US dollars);
6) implementation of the project of the Government of the Republic of Korea for Osh, Chui and Jalal-Abad regions (project amount - 100 million US dollars);
7) implementation of the World Bank project "Water Security" in Issyk-Kul, Osh and Batken regions (project amount - 100 million US dollars).
5.5. Pile market and employment
Systematic studies and surveys of the population show that the lack of jobs is a key problem in the Kyrgyz Republic. The main government measures to promote employment and reduce unemployment will be taken in the following areas.
Increasing the coverage of the population with measures of state policy in the field of employment promotion. Currently, 21% of the population belongs to the category of the economically inactive part of the population and is not covered by the measures taken by the state.
A program should be prepared to legalize informal employment, which has reached 71%. The main goal should be to create conditions for sustainability, safety and productivity. This will contribute to a higher level of income of the population, especially young people, their professional realization, provision of old age and health insurance.
Vocational training and retraining of personnel should be a top priority in promoting employment. The content, methods, teaching aids and materials must meet the requirements of the time and the demands of the market. It is necessary to ensure that secondary vocational and higher education is more in line with the needs of the labor market and to establish a link between secondary specialized educational institutions (vocational schools) and schools so that young people already have at least one profession upon graduation from school.
It is necessary to introduce special programs to support youth leaders based on multilingualism, development of professional and digital skills, qualifications and competencies, taking into account the needs of young people and demand in the labor market. The development of the youth volunteer movement should also become a priority. The practice of supporting and financing projects for the development of youth start-ups through state social orders should be introduced. In each region, youth digital employment centers “One step away from work” should be created through the development of joint digital and network platforms for professional associations of employers and vocational education organizations for the employment of graduates.
Economic instruments to promote employment should be applied more actively. Here, the main tool should be the emergence of a system of financial incentives for the economic activity of interested citizens, the expansion of women's economic opportunities with the obligatory elements of consulting support, training, business support, financial and digital literacy. For this, it is advisable to resume the activities of the Employment Promotion Fund with a change in the principles and mechanisms of work built on market principles.
Part of the functions of providing employment, training and retraining of the unemployed, especially women and youth, must be transferred to business and stimulate the self-employed, the creation of a market for private employment agencies operating in the domestic and foreign labor markets. The introduction of PPP mechanisms and state social ordering into the employment system will allow for a more dynamic and efficient impact on changes in the labor market and the level of unemployment. It is necessary to revise labor legislation in terms of excessive regulation of labor relations. To increase the mobility of labor resources in some sectors of the economy, it is necessary to switch to labor contracts and hourly wages.
In 20 cities - points of economic development, professional technical lyceums of a new type will be modernized and launched. On their basis, among other things, specialized training programs for young people, labor migrants in foreign languages and engineering specialties, the basics of entrepreneurship, digital and financial literacy skills will be launched.
There is a particular potential for employment in the creative industries. The development of various creative industries requires the creation of an investment and regulatory legal environment, granting the status of a special resident of creative parks, creative zones and regions, and a special tax regime.
Projects:
1) development of the Employment Assistance Program for 2022-2026;
2) development of a Comprehensive Program to ensure decent work (decent wages, decent employment, social partnership);
3) approval of the Concept for the Development of the Creative Economy in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2022-2024;
4) development of a program for the development of women's entrepreneurship until 2026;
5) provide for a special tax regime in the new edition of the Tax Code of the Kyrgyz Republic for subjects of the creative economy;
6) creation of the Park of Creative Industries and Technologies;
7) digitalization of the system for promoting employment of the population;
8) expansion of employment services with the functions of (re-)training and advanced training of the population;
9) development and implementation of the project "New models of vocational education in the interaction of programs of primary and secondary vocational education";
10) creation of centers for career guidance on the basis of universities and colleges of a technical profile with the involvement of employers.
5.6. Financial market
The Kyrgyz Republic needs to maintain a policy of free movement of capital. This is one of the attractive factors for attracting foreign investment. In addition, it is necessary to develop the stock market and digital infrastructure in the stock market. In fact, thanks to the extremely conservative policy of state structures, the stock market is in a “mothballed” state. Currently, there are no public and private instruments that are attractive to investors.
To stimulate the development of the stock market, it is necessary to start trading in government securities on the Kyrgyz Stock Exchange. Through the institutions of the stock market, it is necessary to carry out the next stage of privatization and denationalization of objects that are state-owned, but are not strategic objects. To do this, a complete inventory and assessment of state assets, including water, land and fossil resources, will be carried out. It is necessary to ensure the free circulation of at least five percent of the shares of the most important strategic economic entities on the public stock market of the republic. It is advisable to use stock market instruments to finance national projects, and to finance the deficit of local budgets and attract domestic investment for development projects, it is advisable to consider the possibility of issuing municipal securities, providing for all the necessary debt management control mechanisms.
The state will pursue a consistent policy of developing insurance activities in the country and expanding the coverage of insurance services. In the coming years, such products as compulsory third party liability insurance and property insurance will be introduced. To ensure extensive coverage of the population with insurance services, an appropriate regulatory framework will be adopted, providing for the introduction of electronic insurance. It is necessary to carry out work aimed at developing the national reinsurance market in order to increase the reinsurance capacity and insure major risks. Conditions will be created for the participation of insurance organizations in the system of pensions for citizens and compulsory medical insurance.
For the further development of the banking sector, it is necessary to continue increasing the availability of financial services to the population and business entities. The work will be focused on increasing the level of financial intermediation of the banking system, developing digital payment technologies, increasing the share of non-cash payments and settlements, and improving the level of financial literacy of the population. This, among other things, will be facilitated by the establishment of threshold amounts for cash payments in order to increase the share of non-cash turnover. A pilot project for the use of a digital national currency (digital som) will also be launched.
One of the important directions is the creation of conditions and prerequisites for reducing interest rates on loans and improving the quality of banking services.
To support the real sector of the economy, concessional financing will be provided, providing for
— expanding the access of small and medium-sized businesses to resources in the regions within the framework of state programs;
— introduction of targeted programs for concessional lending to businesses;
— introduction of a business lending mechanism at the expense of regional development funds.
The Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will carry out work on additional capitalization of Aiyl Bank OJSC, RSK Bank OJSC, as well as attraction and further capitalization of the Russian-Kyrgyz Development Fund in order to finance nationally significant economic projects. The activities of the Uzbek-Kyrgyz Development Fund and the Hungarian-Kyrgyz Development Fund will be launched.
In order to increase the affordability of housing for citizens of the country, a set of measures will be taken as part of the state housing program. At the same time, the main priority will be financing the construction of new economy-class housing, mainly in the regions of the country, using the mechanism of rental housing with subsequent purchase. Ready-made housing will be provided for long-term lease with the right to purchase without paying the initial amount, which will improve living conditions, including for certain categories of citizens with incomes below the average.
To meet the demand of all categories of citizens, new financial products will be developed taking into account new market trends, providing for Islamic principles, the use of "green mortgage" tools, the expansion of existing housing, the purchase of finished and under construction housing.
It is necessary to provide conditions for further sustainable development of the guarantee system. Additional capitalization of OJSC "Guarantee Fund" will be carried out.
In order to increase the level of mandatory protection of deposits, aimed at maintaining confidence in bank savings and promoting financial stability, the amount of compensation (insurance compensation) for deposits of depositors in the event of a guarantee event will be increased.
Projects:
1) launch of the financial project “Capital for Development”, within the framework of which the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic and the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic will jointly prepare a package of anti-crisis measures to provide the economy with capital;
2) launch of the Green Mortgage project;
3) approval and implementation of the Financial Inclusion Improvement Strategy for 2022-2026;
4) launch of a financial marketplace that allows citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic to purchase financial products online on one platform;
5) use of API (open programming interfaces) - data exchange technologies between information systems
organizations;
6) implementation of the state housing program "My Home 2021-2026".
5.7. Public finance system
Fundamental changes are required by the system of public finances, which in modern conditions has become an obstacle to the prompt resolution of issues and mobility in management.
In the medium term, fiscal policy mechanisms should be focused on reducing the consequences of the crisis, supporting and stimulating growth, and protecting socially vulnerable segments of the population. To fulfill this task, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic needs to consolidate the resource base, reduce the budget deficit and maintain the level of external debt.
The structure of public spending is social in nature and does not contribute to economic growth. The system for monitoring the effectiveness of the impact of state budget expenditures on the country's socio-economic processes requires revision. Despite the significant share and constant growth of spending on education, health care, and social protection, these sectors show poor results. Strict measures of fiscal discipline are needed from the point of view of the execution of the state budget. Frequent revision of budget allocations undermines the credibility of the entire budgeting process. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of the budget liquidity forecasting system.
The problem of external debt will put pressure on the freedom of decision-making in various areas of public policy. Therefore, negotiations with creditors will continue on
restructuring and writing off the state external debt. It is advisable to initiate negotiations on the subject of "debt-for-development swaps."
It is necessary to abandon the sectoral and administrative principle of management and make the transition to performance-oriented budgeting. The issue of redistributing the functions of economic and financial planning and structural changes of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Kyrgyz Republic will be studied.
Performance budgeting should become a mechanism for improving the efficiency of budget expenditures through the use of non-financial performance indicators in making funding decisions.
The high degree of dependence on "cheap resources" of international donors has largely "relaxed" the management system.
The solvency of the budget remains due to concessional external support. It is necessary to move away from the dependent position and begin to form new principles of development financing.
Social protection measures should be more targeted at the vulnerable and poor. Work should continue on automating the social protection system in order to increase the targeting, openness and efficiency of social spending.
It is necessary to maximize the introduction of banking technologies and the full automation of procedures for planning and executing the state budget. With the transition to modern technologies, it will be possible to abolish many functions within government bodies.
Projects:
1) the introduction of a full-fledged budgeting, focused on results, in order to optimize and increase the efficiency of budget expenditures;
2) introduction of mechanisms for linking strategic documents with the budgeting system and the implementation of strategic goals;
3) development of project proposals for the exchange of public external debt for the implementation of development projects in the field of environmental protection, ecology, "green" economy or with an emphasis on the implementation of programs in the social sphere;
4) initiating negotiations with donor countries on the restructuring of the external debt of the Kyrgyz Republic (write-off, partial conversion into a grant) based on project proposals for the exchange of public external debt;
5) introduction of a new system of interbudgetary relations aimed at strengthening the powers and responsibilities of local authorities;
6) carrying out full or partial privatization, transfer of non-strategic objects of the public sector for management within the framework of PPP based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of the activities of state enterprises and business entities with a controlling state block of shares;
7) reorganization of the remaining state enterprises through consolidation and subsequent corporatization;
8) introduction of amendments to the legislation on public procurement of mechanisms for accounting for the cost of ownership, price-quality ratio.
VI. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
6.1. Hydropower
Based on the strategic agenda, it is necessary to reduce the degree of the country's dependence on hydrocarbon energy sources. One of the acceptable solutions is a more large-scale development of hydropower and the transition to alternative energy, taking into account changes in the internal structure of energy consumption and technological modernization of the economy, especially climate change processes. This is a fundamental and complex task that requires a lot of effort and resources.
In the medium and long term, electricity consumption will increase. The most important task is to launch new hydropower projects. The hydropower potential of the Naryn River basin should be realized, taking into account the priority and efficiency of the construction of promising hydroelectric power plants (Kambaratinskaya HPP-1, the Upper Naryn cascade of HPPs, the Suusamyr-Kokomeren cascade of HPPs, the Kazarmansky cascade of HPPs and others).
An accelerated reconstruction and modernization of existing capacities at the Cascade of Toktogul HPPs is required.
In parallel, it is necessary to develop the sale (export) of energy, creating new electricity trading markets, the beginning of which is the CASA-1000 project, as well as the project to create a single market of the EAEU member states. The possibility of exporting energy in the future should also be directed to East Asia. Taking into account the construction and launch of new energy facilities, it becomes expedient to study the possibility of entering new sales markets.
It is necessary to launch the process of designing, developing and launching small hydropower plants with guaranteed state purchase of electricity from small and medium-sized producers at mutually attractive tariffs and terms. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic, together with local authorities, will decide at the legislative level the issues of land allocation for hydropower projects. This will allow putting into operation generating facilities with a total capacity of 300-400 MW.
From a financial point of view, the energy sector is in critical condition and remains unattractive for investors. It is necessary to take a step that is difficult but necessary for the sustainability of the sector - a gradual increase in tariffs. Compensatory measures will be taken to support socially vulnerable categories of citizens.
In addition, it is required to review and increase electricity tariffs for highly profitable projects. It is necessary to improve the flexibility of electricity consumption metering systems so that the system can respond to seasonal, daily changes in demand, smoothing out peak loads.
Particular attention will be paid to alternative, environmentally friendly types of energy, which in the medium term will allow the commissioning of facilities with a capacity of about 100 MW. The commissioning of new capacities will make it easier to connect to power grids and infrastructure and to obtain the necessary technical conditions. In the context of growing electricity consumption and the number of new subscribers, a favorable condition for locating mining farms is their location in close proximity to renewable energy sources, including small hydropower plants. This will also affect the reduction of electricity losses during transportation.
At this stage, the heating system in large cities has exhausted the potential for further development of heat networks and has shown the unprofitability of the provided heat supply. In order to develop the heating system in large cities and regions of the Kyrgyz Republic, it is necessary to start developing autonomous boiler houses using alternative energy sources (natural gas, coal and other energy resources), including environmentally friendly ones.
With the commissioning of new capacities, it is necessary to gradually transfer transport in the Kyrgyz Republic to an electric drive: electric cars, electric trucks, high-speed electric trains, trolleybuses and electric trains. In the future, a network of high-speed electric charging stations for accumulators and batteries will be created.
A complete inventory and revaluation of assets should be ensured in the entire energy system with state participation. In addition, all technological and management processes must be fully automated. Modern corporate governance standards will be introduced at all facilities.
The level of technical wear and tear of energy sector equipment has reached a critical threshold. Due to financial recovery and improvement of the quality of sector management, funds will be found for the speedy modernization of the energy infrastructure.
In the shortest possible time, a wholesale electricity market will be formed with the definition of clear rules for its functioning and the creation of appropriate institutions.
Projects:
1) construction of large hydropower facilities Kambarata HPP-1, Verkhne-Naryn HPP cascade, Suusamyr-Kokomeren HPP cascade, Kazarman HPP cascade, etc.;
2) construction of small hydropower plants;
3) implementation of the CASA-1000 project;
4) phased transition of the state motor transport fleet to electric vehicles;
5) implementation of the project on energy efficiency of buildings;
6) development of alternative energy sources (solar and wind energy).
6.2. Agriculture and processing
The key characteristic of agriculture is low productivity and small-scale production, which does not allow proper competition not only in the external, but also in the domestic markets. However, this sector of the economy is a competitive advantage of the republic, and there are all opportunities for its expanded reproduction and investment.
The strategic goal of reforms in the agricultural sector will be to ensure food security. L3 agro-industrial complex needs to stimulate the development of medium and large processing complexes, logistics centers for exporting products to foreign markets. The state will create conditions for the development of clusters in the field of production and processing of agricultural products. It is necessary to develop plans for the development of clusters of the agro-industrial complex as part of the programs for the socio-economic development of the regions. It is necessary to develop a methodology for creating clusters, as well as a typical cluster model that is adaptive to different territories and crops.
The mechanisms for stimulating the development of the agro-industrial complex will be reviewed, including by increasing and structuring financial support from the state.
It will be important to carry out reforms aimed at consolidating small peasant farms and agricultural cooperatives, using a set of incentive mechanisms. Programs of preferential financing of agriculture will also be focused on this.
At the state level, it is necessary to introduce a favorable regime for the import of agricultural technologies and innovations, machinery and
mechanized means of production. Digital technologies in agriculture will increase the productivity of the sector, the quality of forecasting, standardization, traceability, marketing attractiveness, and improve farmers' access to information. In each territorial district, specialized centers for agrochemical, veterinary and agrotechnical services for farmers should be created. To the maximum extent, farmers should use biological fertilizer technologies, chemicals, fertilizers and medicines to keep agriculture clean and environmentally friendly.
It is necessary to organize the provision of high-yielding and most "clean" varieties of agricultural crops, to stimulate breeding improvement. The activities of seed and breeding farms should be reviewed. On the basis of public-private partnership, it is necessary to modernize them.
The strategic priority for the development of agriculture should be to maintain environmental friendliness and focus on organic production. In order to accelerate the development of the market for organic products in the Kyrgyz Republic, appropriate legislative regulation will be developed and adopted, international standards for certification of organic products will be introduced, strict control over the import of chemical fertilizers will be ensured, and appropriate marketing activities will be carried out. The program "Organic products" will be launched.
The global market for the consumption of halal products is 1.5 trillion US dollars. In this regard, at the state level, it is advisable to actively support and develop the market for halal products and promote the expansion of exports to consumer countries.
It is necessary to use the existing natural advantages and the availability of hydropower resources for the production of agricultural products of deep processing. One of the most important competitive advantages in the international market can be the production of sublimated products.
The Kyrgyz Republic has unique highly mineralized water resources and can become a world producer and exporter of pure highly mineralized waters.
In the context of the current economic crisis, it is advisable to introduce a system of guaranteed and regulated public procurement of agricultural products for public institutions with a large number of consumers, such as the Ministry of Defense of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic. Republic.
It is also necessary to monitor the state of food security and regulate pricing in the food and agricultural raw materials market in order to prevent unreasonable price increases.
It is necessary to ensure the launch of the construction of wholesale distribution centers as key elements of the commodity distribution infrastructure in the agro-industrial complex of the country.
In the face of climate change, the agricultural sector needs to apply adaptation measures. In addition to the use of climate-resistant technologies and varieties, it is advisable to widely introduce climate risk insurance tools in agricultural activities.
The basis of agriculture is irrigated agriculture. Crop production on irrigated lands is the main consumer of fresh water in the Kyrgyz Republic. Taking into account the global trends associated with climate warming, forecasts of a decrease in fresh water reserves, and the uneven distribution of them across the country, the development of sustainable irrigation is especially relevant. For this, it is necessary to continue irrigation construction and modernization of irrigation infrastructure. This will also contribute to solving food security issues, increasing the water supply of lands and introducing new irrigated lands.
Taking into account the need to adapt to the consequences of climate change, one of the important areas is the economical, rational and efficient use of available water resources.
Projects:
1) launching a commodity exchange for the agricultural industry;
2) revision of the program "Financing of agriculture", taking into account clustering and support for large producers;
3) implementation of the program for the development of organic production;
4) revision of the tariff system for water transportation services - transition to economically justified tariffs;
5) reconstruction of the irrigation system of the Kyrgyz Republic (2018-2022);
6) reconstruction of the Sarymsak irrigation system (2018-2022);
7) development of irrigated agriculture in the Issyk-Kul and
Naryn regions (2021-2024);
8) development of irrigated agriculture in the Chui region (bypass Chui canal-2);
9) project for the development of fish farming "Aqua-culture";
10) introduction of a national traceability system for agricultural products;
1 1) formation of a single value chain, agricultural marketing and e-commerce centers;
12) creation of the Agro Smart database.
6.3. Tourism development
The tourism industry has been hit particularly hard by the effects of the COV1D-19 pandemic. Restrictions on international flights, the closure of borders have led to a catastrophic decline in the industry's turnover not only in our country, but also in the world. The basis for the development of international tourism is the openness, hospitality, friendliness and diversity of the people of the Kyrgyz Republic.
At the same time, the systemic problems of the development of the sector remain unresolved. The Kyrgyz Republic needs to provide basic conditions - personal security, high-quality medical service, accessible information, convenient logistics and high-quality local service. For the successful promotion of national tourism services, it is necessary to implement regional tourism projects that will connect the tourism products of the countries of Central Asia.
The spread of the coronavirus has predetermined that one of the main conditions for tourist attraction is the availability of high-quality healthcare infrastructure. In this regard, the geographical accessibility and quality of health services should be priorities.
The development of the tourism sector will be based on a cluster approach. The state will create conditions for launching several large tourist clusters, with skiing specialization based on the city of Karakol, historical and cultural specialization based on the city of Osh, recreational specialization based on the city of Jalal-Abad. It is also necessary to launch a “medical tourism” cluster focused on the provision of rehabilitation services, based on the natural and climatic features of the country and the creation of an appropriate infrastructure.
The tourism sector should develop on the principles of sustainability with strict environmental protection in the interests of the local community and the subjects of the country's tourism industry, taking into account the assessment of the natural recreational capacity of tourist and recreational zones. The basic components of the tourism infrastructure will be modernized and brought into line with international environmental standards.
Organization of internationally attractive events and festivals. The holding of the World Nomad Games contributed to
development of tourism, attracting guests and increasing the level of recognition of the country in the global tourism market. It is advisable to launch international event projects that reflect the socio-cultural characteristics of the country. The Kyrgyz Republic can become the initiator of many cultural projects related to art and creativity (cinema, music, theater), philosophy and history of nomadic peoples.
Promising infrastructure projects will contribute to the development of the tourism industry. Completion of the construction of the alternative North-South road, rehabilitation of the ring road around Lake Issyk-Kul, reliable operation of transnational highways will ensure the connectivity of the country's territories and reduce time costs. The project of transport communications on the basis of electric trains "Chaldovar - Balykchy" is seen as a promising one.
Projects:
1) launch of the cluster "medical tourism";
2) marketing strategy - promotion of the country on electronic platforms, B2B events;
3) creation of a tourism development fund;
4) construction of a branded hotel in the Issyk-Kul region;
5) development of small aviation.
6.4. Mining
Mining development should be focused on the efficient development of deposits, subject to compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation. It is necessary to improve the mechanism for licensing activities, control over activities and environmental rehabilitation of disturbed
territories, optimization of relations between subsoil users and the budget, local communities, stakeholders in the field of environmental protection.
It is necessary to revise the current legislation for maximum harmonization with international standards in the field of environmental protection, including a review of the mechanism for forming the total cost of reclamation work in terms of determining the sufficiency of funds for full reclamation. Projects in the mining sector should include the introduction of modern mining technologies with minimal environmental impact.
Unlicensed deposits of national importance will be developed in accordance with the best world practices by the state (national) mining company and, if necessary, with the involvement of investors.
Unlicensed mineral deposits that are not included in the register of subsoil plots of national importance can be developed by investors with the provision of a state share (with the exception of such minerals as sand and gravel materials and loam).
The participation of the state in mining projects provides the population and investors with guarantees of successful development and reduces political risks. On the other hand, such a share of participation will preserve the independence of the functioning of the project from excessive interference from the state. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure transparency in the distribution of financial resources to the budgets of all levels, including to the regional development funds.
Assistance will be provided in the resumption of activities of idle enterprises.
Projects:
1) development of the Code of the Kyrgyz Republic on subsoil;
2) effective development of existing deposits (Terek, Terskkan, Perevalnoye, etc.) and commissioning of new deposits (Andash, Taldy-Bulak, Togolok, Chaarat, etc.);
3) implementation of major projects for the development of mineral deposits;
4) implementation of a digital solution to ensure the rational, transparent use of funds coming from the mining industry.
6.5. Light industry
An important step in the development of light industry should be the formation of sustainable demand with the prospect of entering international markets, the creation of conditions for the development and increasing the competitiveness of light industry products in the Kyrgyz Republic.
It is necessary to maintain the existing benefits for the garment sector, while considering the possibility of reducing the fiscal burden on imported raw materials (fabrics and accessories).
With state support, large cluster production will be launched. It is necessary to introduce a mechanism to attract an international investor from among well-known brands to locate their production in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic, which will allow in the future to form their own culture of production of light industry goods based on advanced technologies with the formation of their own “Kyrgyz brand”.
Motivational conditions will be created for the formation of large-scale garment production, which will ensure high productivity, a wide range of products and volumes demanded by the trade networks of the EAEU member states.
An important motivational factor for the creation of medium and large enterprises will be the introduction of industrial equipment leasing on preferential terms, as well as the provision of industrial areas with access to the necessary energy resources and engineering networks, as well as a package of permits.
In order to increase employment of the population, conditions will be created for the development of light industry at the regional level, specialized industrial territories with a package of permits will be offered. Regional development funds will become sources of financing for the formation of such industrial territories in the regions.
The Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be tasked with launching projects based on public-private partnerships for the construction and launch of full-fledged laboratories for assessing the quality of light industry products.
Projects:
1) launch of large cluster productions;
2) launch of at least 3 industrial zones, including in the regions;
3) construction of industrial parks;
4) construction and launch of laboratories for assessing the quality of light industry products;
5) attracting an international investor from among well-known brands to locate their production in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.
VII. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
7.1. Sociocultural development, the formation of civic identity
The Kyrgyz Republic has a colossal, but not fully realized socio-cultural potential. It was the socio-cultural foundations that allowed us to survive as an ethnic group and form our modern statehood.
In the context of a rapidly changing awareness, worldview and consciousness of the people, it is important to educate the citizens of the country on the basis of national and universal values, to form a national and civic identity, civic culture.
With all the diversity of peoples and the representation of cultures, the strategic goal of the development of the Kyrgyz Republic is to create an environment of religious tolerance, interpenetration and enrichment of cultures, peaceful coexistence and respect for views.
The achievement of the goal will be realized through the formation and promotion of a unifying civic identity - Kyrgyz Zharany, based on the spiritual and moral values of the people of Kyrgyzstan.
The state will pay special attention to familiarizing citizens with the traditional values of the people and their desire for global innovations, deep knowledge and love for the Motherland, the people, the Kyrgyz heroic epic Manas and other spiritual and moral values, centuries-old traditions. The project "Spiritual, moral and physical education of the individual" will be implemented.
The main principles are based on the socio-cultural diversity of public identities in the Kyrgyz Republic, the expansion and strengthening of communications between them. The media project “I am Kyrgyz Zharany” will be implemented, aimed at developing civic identity and civic awareness of “Kyrgyz Zharany”.
The educational and cultural policy of the state will include the spiritual, moral and physical education of the individual. Subjects on ethical, aesthetic and physical education will be introduced into the training and educational programs.
In order to form civil, social, spiritual, moral and other competencies in children, as well as to attract talented teaching staff to the education system who are able to carry out the educational process at a high level, the Ancestral Chest project will be implemented.
In order to revive the Kyrgyz philosophical and historical school, create a platform for the analysis and self-identification of the historical and cultural heritage, and develop spiritual and moral values, the Daanyshman project will be implemented.
Various religious associations are currently operating in the Kyrgyz Republic. The principle will be observed that does not allow the establishment of any religion as a state or obligatory one, ensures the separation of religion and all cults from the state, prohibits the interference of religious associations and clergy in the activities of state bodies.
An environment will be created for the development of dialogue and religious tolerance, religious associations will carry out activities aimed at maintaining tolerance, unity and diversity of cultures.
Measures will be developed to conduct explanatory, preventive work among believers in order to increase religious literacy, education and prevent conflicts on religious grounds.
The state language development program will be an obligatory element of state policy. The Kyrgyz language should become a tool for the integration and communication of different identities. Accordingly, opportunities for stimulating and motivating citizens to master the Kyrgyz language will be expanded, methods will be adapted, and the quality of teaching the Kyrgyz language will improve. At the same time, the role and status of the Russian language remain unshakable, and opportunities for learning foreign languages, primarily English, have been expanded.
Building up creative potential will be another pillar of the development of socio-cultural foundations. Culture and art will be included in the list of priorities, but at the same time, the formats of work must change. The landmark is the preservation of the heritage and the generation of new national cultural products. Projects will be implemented aimed at transforming the Kyrgyz Republic into a regional innovation center of traditional spirituality, art, and the art industry.
In matters of developing the cultural basis of the country, it is necessary to actively involve the public and business. Due to the formats of public-private partnership in the field of culture and art, it is necessary to stimulate the emergence of many public places for creative and professional self-realization.
The possibilities of the country to hold international events in the field of culture and art are not disclosed. The first project will be the creation and holding of an international ethno-cultural musical festival of nomadic peoples. It is necessary to form the image of the Kyrgyz Republic at the international level, which will become the basis for promoting our contribution to world culture and at the same time will solve the problems of integrating compatriots abroad. This will be the aim of the Ala-Too media project and the Kyrgyz Aalami program.
The socio-cultural policy of the state will be based on strengthening the institution of the family. Schools of motherhood and family strengthening should be established, as close and friendly as possible to mothers, especially young and inexperienced ones, and their children. The implementation of projects to eliminate the negative practices of forced and early marriages, domestic violence will also be continued; conditions will be created for the harmonious combination of work and family responsibilities for women and men, promotion of the principles of responsible parenthood, protection of motherhood and fatherhood, family values based on harmonious upbringing and respect for all family members.
Technologies, programs and standards of services in the field of culture will be developed in order to strengthen statehood, civic identity and develop tolerance. The use of modern digital technologies will provide access to cultural services.
Projects:
1) the project “I am Kyrgyz Zharany”, aimed at the development of civic identity;
2) project "Dayanishman";
3) global media project "Ala-Too";
4) project "Kyrgyz Universe";
5) creation and holding of an international ethno-cultural musical festival of nomadic peoples;
6) the Sherine project, which will be aimed at strengthening interregional ties;
7) implementation of the Concept of the state policy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the religious sphere for 2021-2026;
8) project "Umai ene";
9) the project "Cult of the chest of ancestors";
10) project "Happy People";
11) project "I am a hard worker";
12) project "My religion is my pillar";
13) project "National Heritage Center";
14) the project "The history of people - the history of the country."
7.2. Healthy Nation
What is now required is the development of a program of cardinal changes in the field of health care. The situation with COVID-19 has revealed several systemic areas in healthcare that need to be updated.
In this direction, it is necessary to strengthen primary health care services using modern innovative and informational approaches. There are two components here - the modernization and equipping of local family medicine centers and the advanced training of doctors and nurses, including through the use of remote forms. It is advisable to create conditions for a wider involvement of business in this process of providing services.
Ensuring comprehensive patient management and the provision of integrated medical and social services will be ensured by introducing an electronic medical record of the patient at the level of primary health care (PHC) and integrated into all levels of medical care. The project "Digital Health Passport" will be implemented.
Renovation and modernization of emergency medical services are necessary. There are also acute issues of material and technical renovation, advanced training and attracting the best personnel. It is advisable to revise the logistics scheme for the localization of ambulance stations using digital technologies.
To consider as priority areas for state investment the strengthening of the protection of motherhood and childhood, the prevention of premature death and disability from cardiovascular and oncological diseases, and the fight against infectious diseases. In these areas, state policy measures will include the introduction of new modern technologies, new capacities of healthcare organizations and the modernization of existing ones, the expansion of laboratory diagnostic services in the regions through public-private partnerships, the introduction of international quality standards and the optimization of laboratory services.
The public health service will be modernized with the expansion of its functions, prevention and sanitary and epidemiological supervision will be strengthened with the involvement of local authorities and other state bodies. A unified digital national health risk assessment and management system will be created, which will allow for regular analysis and assessment of the current epidemiological situation in the country. On its basis, technologies for modeling and forecasting various scenarios for the spread of diseases, epidemics and developing recommendations for their prevention and reduction of negative consequences will appear. A digital National Health Card will be developed and implemented.
It is necessary to develop a system for training and retraining epidemiologists of a new format who will be able to model and predict the epidemiological situation at the national and regional levels.
Achieving the effectiveness of public health management involves the development of a new program for the development of public health services, as well as the reorganization of existing public health organizations into the Institute of Public Health. To improve the quality of public health services provided, new packages of preventive services at the population level, including standards for their provision, should be developed and implemented.
The work of infection control and epidemiological surveillance should not be formal, especially during an epidemic. It needs to be radically revised, ensuring safe working conditions for medical workers, as well as when receiving medical procedures by the population.
It is necessary to form a biosafety system in the country. An appropriate regulatory framework should be created. It is necessary to develop scientific and production potential for the timely prevention, detection and control of epidemics. The development of medical science should be in conditions of integration with the international scientific community. It is necessary to develop a health system response system at all levels of medical services in cases of an epidemic and an emergency.
It is necessary to carry out the activities of mobile outpatient diagnostic centers on a regular basis, especially in hard-to-reach and remote regions of the country.
A broad information and communication strategy will be developed and implemented to develop skills and knowledge among the population about the possibilities of a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention, the responsibility of each person for their own health and the health of their loved ones. It will also require the development of measures for the prevention and prevention of diseases, starting from the moment of birth. Particular attention will be paid to the health of children, adolescents, young people and pregnant women.
It is necessary to develop school medicine integrated with the primary level of medical care. Good school meals should be organized in safe conditions for children.
It is necessary to develop among mothers, as well as pregnant women, basic skills and knowledge on the care and development of children, early detection of malformations that lead to disability in children, on socio-psychological approaches to raising children and strengthening the family.
The national normative foundations of physical education and culture will be promoted with a system of incentive measures. The principles of public-private partnership will be widely implemented in the creation of physical culture and sports infrastructure, increasing the investment attractiveness of the physical culture and sports industry by creating a preferential favorable environment for the development of businesses investing in physical culture and sports infrastructure.
It is necessary to create conditions for the physical development of citizens, including older and older people, with the maximum possible coverage.
The incentive for a positive change in the behavior of the country's citizens should be the introduction of health insurance mechanisms with differentiated pricing depending on the commitment to a healthy lifestyle, including reducing the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, salt and sugar-containing products, as well as increasing physical activity.
The principles and mechanisms of financing the health care system will be changed. Two solutions are proposed here - the widespread involvement of businesses in the provision of healthcare services and the transition to a real mechanism for financing patients - "money follows the patient." Every citizen can use his funds at his choice in any medical institution, regardless of the form of ownership. This will encourage competition within the system. In this regard, the principles of functioning of the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund under the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic (FOMS) will be reviewed.
In the Kyrgyz Republic, it is necessary to create a market for rehabilitation services and a social and environmental infrastructure that helps people with disabilities overcome physical and psychological barriers to recovery. The need for socialization and integration into society of children with disabilities, their comprehensive coverage and support in institutions of education, development, social protection, as well as physical culture and sports will also be taken into account.
It is necessary to develop and implement a system for training rehabilitators based on vocational education, including primary. It is necessary to provide for the possibility of training rehabilitation and habilitation specialists at the expense of budgetary funds using the capabilities of relevant national and international professional associations; a training and methodological center should be created to develop innovative approaches to the provision of rehabilitation services to the population. It is necessary to radically reform the technologies and work of medical and social expert commissions with a focus on rehabilitation.
It is necessary to start preparing for the demographic crisis - the aging of the population. The possibility of providing income tax benefits to non-governmental health organizations or social entrepreneurs providing medical and social services to persons with disabilities, elderly citizens or persons with temporary disability requiring care will be considered.
Licensing and accreditation mechanisms for organizations providing medical and social care services for people with disabilities, including children and the elderly, nursing care services, etc., should be radically revised. It is necessary to introduce a certification system for personnel providing medical and social care services, with a focus on qualification knowledge and skills. It is necessary to develop a system of training and retraining of qualified workers in medical and social care through state employment programs.
It is necessary to revive the traditional principles of environmental friendliness and natural sensitivity among the population. A national youth project "Ecodefender" will be created, which is designed to develop the image of a person living in harmony with nature and intolerant of environmental pollution. It is necessary to promote environmental education and education from the level of kindergartens and schools by including in the content of education issues of climate change, energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources, environmental safety, emergency prevention and the principles of a "green" economy.
It is necessary to offer business mechanisms for greater participation in the health sector. Long-term contract guarantees should be provided for businessmen who will participate in the program.
Projects:
1) reform of medical education in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2022-2026;
2) construction of perinatal centers in the cities of Bishkek, Talas, Osh;
3) a program to improve the quality of primary health care services;
4) creation of a unified digital national system for assessing and managing health risks;
5) the Ecodefender project;
6) project "Start from yourself";
7) the project "Digital National Health Card";
8) the project "Digital Health Passport".
7.3. educated nation
Education is one of the most powerful tools for poverty reduction and economic growth. The state must provide conditions for the development of the education system, which must meet the needs of the time and be of high quality and accessible to everyone. The issues of inclusive and lifelong education should be considered at all levels of the educational process and cover different stages of a person's life.
It is necessary to double the coverage of preschool education. For these purposes, innovative approaches and methodologies will be used. Along with traditional kindergartens, by attracting private investment and using public-private partnership mechanisms, child development centers, family and community kindergartens, children's adaptation centers, evening and weekend stay centers for children will be launched. Within the framework of the Program, on the basis of municipal assets, at the expense of state investments and co-financing of businesses, a comprehensive center for the development of children will be launched in every city of the country.
In order to develop preschool education services, which are capable of providing services with varying variability in the context of an epidemic or the introduction of restrictions, it is necessary to revise the system of licensing and accreditation of preschool education services. The standards of early childhood development and the transition to the regulation of the provision of services should become a guideline for the activities of such preschool institutions.
When reviewing the regulatory framework, one should take into account the possibility for the development of small and medium-sized businesses of various variability of preschool services, especially among women. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for a system of certification of personnel for the provision of preschool services with a focus on the standards of early development of children. The system of training and retraining of teachers of preschool education should also be revised with a focus on certification of qualification skills and knowledge.
The most important direction of work of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be the support and development of the primary school, where the main investments will be directed.
The main measures should be the support of teachers and educators. Wages will be raised, a preferential mortgage program will be introduced to address the issues of purchasing housing. Active media work should be carried out to improve the status of the teacher.
Systematic refresher courses for teachers will be offered. The system of teacher training and professional development will be reviewed in order to improve the quality of education services. The teacher training system will be revised to improve the quality of education services. At the system level, it is necessary to train high-quality personnel with the involvement of teachers of the younger generation.
In general, the content and structure of educational standards will be revised throughout the school. It is necessary to define mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, information technologies as key, priority subjects. Teaching and methodological complexes in these subjects will be updated by adapting the best international practices. It is necessary to test new modern methods of work, such as innovative projects, school technology parks, laboratories and the professionalization of school education. All schools are required to test student performance on a regular basis. The generalized results of testing schools should be made available to the public, which will increase the responsibility of schools to society and stimulate the development of new methods.
In addition, the approaches and technologies of online education should be radically revised taking into account the lessons learned from the post-COVID-19 pandemic, and educational and methodological materials in all areas of education adapted to the electronic format should be prepared. On an annual basis, national digital dictations should be conducted to assess the basic knowledge and skills in demand in the labor market and in obtaining public services.
Technologies, reading programs and the acquisition of knowledge and skills on electronic media should be actively introduced in the education system.
Given the outdated school infrastructure and the physical shortage of educational facilities due to limited financial resources, it is necessary to involve businesses more widely in the field of preschool and school education. It is necessary to consider the issue of corporate tax exemption for businesses investing in education.
It is necessary to abandon the policy of building small schools, as an irrational approach to the use of resources, and move on to modern educational complexes. Schoolchildren will be transported to the places of study and back on special school buses. The change in approach will be accompanied by the widespread introduction of the principles of per capita funding on the principle of “budget money follows the student”. Pilot projects on financial and administrative autonomy of schools will be introduced.
The situation with COVID-19 has revealed the acute problem of access to education during crises, as well as the problem of alternative approaches in general. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the process of digitalization of education. In each region, the issue of access to high-speed broadband Internet for households will be resolved, regardless of place of residence and income level.
In each region, new educational complex organizations will be created - "Kyrgyz lyceums", where an innovative approach of openness to technologies for teaching and developing children will be introduced. On the basis of these lyceums, various educational initiatives and their free choice will be introduced from the preschool period to secondary school education with specialized, qualified, professional skills and knowledge. Kyrgyz lyceums will take into account the development of children, taking into account individual needs, as well as the socio-cultural foundations of civic identity. On the basis of lyceums, variability in the choice of programs and languages of instruction, professional development of children in grades 10-11 will be introduced.
In the cities of Osh and Karakol, in the Chui region, with the support of the Russian Federation, Dostuk schools with instruction in Russian and natural sciences will be built. Emphasis will be increased on the system of primary vocational and secondary vocational education.
The labor market feels an acute shortage in blue-collar jobs. It is necessary to introduce the practice of direct interaction between business structures and companies, including state-owned ones, with professional educational institutions. The content and methods of professional training must be relevant and meet the requirements of the times.
It is necessary to audit all higher education institutions, of which there are more than 50 in the country. Universities that do not meet high educational standards should be closed. In parallel with this, the principles of financing and setting tariffs for education in universities should change. Higher education institutions are obliged to strengthen the research direction of activity - without this it is impossible to guarantee the relevance and quality of the knowledge transferred. University management will be trained in marketing and promotion of university science products, as well as modern fundraising technologies to attract extrabudgetary funding sources.
It will be necessary to develop a legal and regulatory framework to strengthen the autonomy of universities in making decisions on the use of funds raised from extrabudgetary sources of funding for the development of university science. University science should become an active part of the international scientific community and global, regional scientific research. It is especially important to support technical, medical and social areas.
For employees of the education, healthcare and social protection system, special training programs should be developed to develop digital skills and knowledge with appropriate technical and methodological support.
Projects:
1) the project "Incomes from the future" - a project on outreach, as well as the creation of a positive image and lifestyle of a person who invests in education;
2) the project "Universities - innovators" - a project to integrate university science and scientists into the sustainable innovative development of the country;
3) school "Dostuk" - a general educational organization with instruction in Russian and an enhanced natural science profile;
4) the school "Kyrgyz lyceums" - a general educational organization with a reinforced career guidance component;
5) project "Book Country";
6) project "Teacher is a fruit tree";
7) the project "Digital Bulletin of Education".
7.4. Inclusive Growth
There are noticeable gaps in public policy in creating favorable conditions for ensuring the quality of life and equality of opportunity for all groups of the country's population.
A significant gap in economic opportunities is observed on the basis of gender. Over 60 percent of women are involved in informal labor relations. A negative trend is observed among women in the age group of 20-29 years, where the highest unemployment rate is noted.
It is necessary to ensure the economic empowerment of women and increase their representation at the decision-making level. Legislative norms for quotas and representation of women in elected bodies of the system of state and municipal administration must be preserved. It is also necessary to strengthen positions on the representation of women at the level of executive power.
It is necessary to begin the revival and formation of the image of "Kurmanjan-Datka" among the current generation of women. There should be special projects and programs stimulating the involvement of girls in the system of preschool education, especially in hard-to-reach and remote regions of the country.
It is necessary to introduce targeted projects to support women in science. Separate programs will be created and implemented to develop digital skills among women.
A regulatory framework will be created for the introduction of a quota system for the representation of women to receive vocational technical education on a free basis, including IT specialists. Such support from the state should cover training both within the country and abroad.
The issue of creating a Future Generations Fund, the purpose of which is to allocate financial support for the early development of children and youth, will be considered. The source of financing for the Fund will be part of the funds from the extraction and exploitation of non-renewable resources produced in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.
It is necessary to gradually and gradually monetize the unpaid work of women mothers, recognizing their fundamental role in shaping future generations. Payments will be gradually introduced to mothers for caring for a child under 3 years old, subject to the vaccination of children and monitoring them in family medicine centers, as well as regular monitoring of the health of the woman herself.
In order to support the poor and low-income segments of the population, social contract mechanisms will be introduced through
allocation of microcredit financing, leasing of equipment. This program will be closely interconnected with the cluster development of the respective territories.
To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, one of the priority areas of state policy will be the strengthening and development of the institution of the family, as well as improving the well-being of the family. At the same time, the main goal will be to ensure the rights and interests of each child, as well as support for children and families in difficult life situations.
It is necessary to continue work aimed at eradicating the negative practices of forced and early marriages, especially in relation to children under the age of marriage, family violence.
Conditions will be created for the harmonious combination of work and family responsibilities for women and men, promotion of the principles of responsible parenthood, protection of motherhood and fatherhood, family values based on harmonious upbringing and respect for all family members.
Separately, the issues of exploitation of child labor, rehabilitation of victims of domestic violence, their support and subsequent integration into social processes should be considered.
Measures will be implemented to change approaches to defining and solving disability problems in accordance with international standards and norms.
In general, an assessment of the social protection system will be carried out and a comprehensive social protection strategy will be developed, covering all elements of the system, including wages, social insurance, state benefits, social services and employment promotion measures. A fair and effective system of social protection will be formed, guaranteeing everyone the minimum levels of social protection, especially in the event of social risks (disability, old age, loss of a breadwinner, loss of a job (unemployment), temporary disability, work injury, illness, occupational disease, death).
Effective measures will be implemented to reduce child poverty as one of the main indicators of the development and upbringing of a healthy generation capable of meeting all emerging challenges in the future.
Projects:
1) school "Ayalzat";
2) the project "Social contract";
3) the project "Women's leadership in science and GG";
4) project "Kurmanzhan-Datka".
7.5. Market of social services
The elimination of social consequences after the pandemic is impossible without the development of the social services market. The demographic trends of the aging of the population oblige to reconsider approaches to the development of the social services market, which requires the improvement of legislation.
It is necessary to develop a draft law on social services that provides for the variability of care services, including long-term care, basic state guarantees, the introduction of a per capita system of financing services, the use of a contractual system for the provision of services with the right to choose. The law should also revise the status of a social worker, the functional content of his activities with the variability of the scope of work, the payment system based on the functional load.
It is also necessary to provide for the mode of activity of social workers in emergency situations and states of emergency, military conflicts and other situations that pose a threat to the life and health of social workers. It is required to revise the system for assessing the needs and requirements for social services based on the use of digital technologies.
It is also necessary to legislate the institution of social entrepreneurship as one of the important areas in the economy, solving key problematic social issues. Social entrepreneurship involves, along with the development of the social services market, the employment of people with disabilities, parents of children with disabilities, women and members of low-income families.
At the same time, the mechanisms for licensing and accreditation of organizations providing social services for the care of children and families in difficult situations, people with disabilities and the elderly should be reviewed with a focus on the quality of services. For the development of the social services market, it is necessary to introduce a personnel certification system based on qualification knowledge and skills.
A system of training and retraining of qualified care workers providing social services through state employment programs should be formed. At the same time, the system of training and retraining of skilled labor in the social services market involves the involvement of business, non-state training institutions, and professional associations.
There should be special government programs to support social entrepreneurship and develop the social services market. The mechanisms of PPP and state social order should also be used in the provision of social services
vulnerable categories of citizens.
It is necessary to revise the standards for the provision of services, their
results-oriented funding for children with disabilities or those in difficult life situations, persons with disabilities, senior citizens and other representatives of socially vulnerable segments of the population. There should be a transition from a state monopoly to the development of a market for social protection services based on a consolidated and integrated financing approach.
Introduction of a voucher financing system for
provision of social services will provide basic state guarantees, as well as consolidate and mobilize other sources of funding. There should be a purchase of basic social services, regardless of the form of ownership, but with a variety of technologies for their provision. This will be achieved through the implementation of the principle “money follows the person”, when every citizen will be free to choose a service provider.
Also, through the mechanisms of state social order and continuous education, employment promotion and support for socially vulnerable segments of the population, programs should be introduced to develop digital literacy among recipients of guaranteed basic social services.
A digital ecosystem of healthcare, education, social protection and culture services will be developed and implemented based on a digital social passport, which should reflect all information about the socio-economic status of a citizen based on an identification card. This passport will also include information from digital passports of health, education and social protection, culture, with due conditions for the protection of personal data. The need to collect certificates, restrictions on access to basic social services at the place of registration, bureaucracy when receiving social block services will be excluded.
Projects:
1) the project "Social Entrepreneur";
2) the project "Digital Social Passport";
3) draft law on social services;
4) formation of a system of training and retraining of skilled care workers providing social services.
VIII. FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
8.1. Ensuring Key National Security Priorities
In order to develop a modern system of views, ideas and principles for protecting the individual, society and the state from external and internal threats to security in all spheres of life, the current National Security Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic will be revised.
In order to ensure the timely adoption of preventive measures aimed at preventing threats to national security, it is necessary at the legislative level to empower the national security agencies and individual units of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic with the authority to carry out the necessary intelligence and counterintelligence activities.
At the same time, the elimination of threats to the national security of the country, including international terrorism, religious extremism, separatism, interethnic conflicts, transnational crime, international drug trafficking and cybercrime, will become a priority for the activities of the national security agencies.
The results in this direction include the approval of the National Security Concept of the country, corresponding to modern realities, the adoption of the laws “On Foreign Intelligence Activities” and “On Counterintelligence Activities”, which should ultimately lead to the creation of an effective system for ensuring national security in the country.
Projects:
1) adoption of the National Security Concept;
2) Law “On foreign intelligence activities”;
3) Law "On counterintelligence activities".
8.2. Ensuring military security
The current state of interstate relations, as well as the intensification of the activities of terrorist organizations, indicate a real possibility of military conflicts both in the Central Asian region and in other regions, with the participation of allied states in various military-political blocs, which creates a real threat of involvement of the Kyrgyz Republic .
This circumstance requires a revision of the previously approved Military Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic. As part of the revision of the Military Doctrine, the existing threats will be adjusted.
At the same time, the existing mechanisms for the formation of a mobilization reserve, as well as the procedure for providing a mobilization reserve for those liable for military service, especially in border areas, will be significantly revised.
Particular attention will be paid to the creation of stocks of weapons, material and technical means and medicines necessary to ensure the functioning of the Armed Forces and other military formations in a state of emergency and martial law.
The key aspect of ensuring military security will be the restoration of the country's military-industrial potential.
At the first stage, the existing enterprises of the military-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as the military-industrial complex) should be restored, which will have to provide, within the framework of the state order, the production of ammunition necessary for the Armed Forces and other military formations.
In addition, on the basis of these enterprises, a production base capable of ensuring the repair of military equipment and weapons in service will be recreated.
As part of the second stage, it is necessary to create conditions for building up the potential of both existing military-industrial complex enterprises and creating new production enterprises to organize the production of modern weapons, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), high-precision small arms, and new types of ammunition.
To ensure the above tasks, the following activities will be implemented.
A new edition of the Military Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic will be developed and approved.
The organization of preparation of citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic for military service and mobilization reserve for the Armed Forces and other military formations will be reviewed.
Through the adoption of the state program for the development of the military-industrial complex "Kyrgyz Kural", the activities of military-industrial complex enterprises will be resumed and the state order for military products will be provided.
The Armed Forces and other military formations will be provided with the necessary military equipment, small arms and ammunition.
In the required quantity, stocks of materiel and medicines will be formed in the state mobilization reserve, including weapons and ammunition.
The implementation of these measures will make it possible, within the framework of the Military Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic, to ensure the protection of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and constitutional order of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Projects:
1) adoption of the Military Doctrine;
2) adoption of the State program for the revival of the military-industrial complex "Kyrgyz Kural" until 2026;
3) adoption of the Concept of state policy on crime prevention.
8.3. Border Security
The state of border security has a direct impact on territorial integrity, the formation of foreign policy vectors, social stability, economic development, the information field and other spheres of the state's life.
The incompleteness of the process of delimitation and demarcation of borders is a determining factor that forms external and internal threats to the border security of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Ensuring border security is of national importance, its goals and continuous nature. The effectiveness of the functioning of the subjects involved in this process is achieved by the timely and coordinated adoption of a set of measures, both specific border and political, economic, legal, diplomatic, digital, organizational, administrative, information, intelligence, counterintelligence, operational-search, customs, environmental, sanitary and epidemiological, spiritual and cultural and others.
The most important task of ensuring the border security of the Kyrgyz Republic is the development of a state border protection system capable of timely and effectively identifying risk development trends and counteracting possible threats and risks at the state border and border area.
As medium-term priorities for the development of this stage of improving the system of border security of the state, the following is necessary:
1) legal registration of the state border, improvement of the regulatory legal framework, regulation of the activities of state bodies and local governments of the Kyrgyz Republic to ensure border security;
2) creation of a modern and modernization of the existing border infrastructure, as well as conditions for the legal free movement of people, goods, vehicles and cargo across the state border, in order to respond to challenges and threats to border security;
3) provision with modern weapons, military and special equipment, high-tech and multifunctional automated systems for technical control of the situation at the state border and border control, unified vehicles that ensure high mobility of units guarding the border, as well as complex equipment for facilities, integrated engineering and technical protection systems (technical means of security and television surveillance, access control systems), communication system, etc.;
4) improving the system of education, training and retraining of personnel, increasing social security, ensuring professional growth.
Projects:
1) adoption of a new Action Plan for the implementation of the National Strategy for the Creation and Implementation of the Integrated Management System of the State Border of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026;
2) implementation of the Batken region development program until 2035.
8.4. Foreign policy
In the field of foreign policy of the Kyrgyz Republic, purposeful and multifaceted work will continue, focused on strengthening state sovereignty and independence, protecting territorial integrity, ensuring security, defense, economic development of the country and protecting the rights of Kyrgyz citizens abroad.
Particular attention will be directed to solving the tasks and challenges that the country faced after the events of October 2020 and in connection with the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on public health, the economy and other spheres of the life of the state.
The country's foreign policy will not change and will remain consistent, predictable and pragmatic. Foreign policy work is being intensified to promote national interests in international cooperation within the framework of multilateral and bilateral diplomacy. A positive foreign policy image of the country will be actively promoted.
At a qualitatively new level, the country's participation in the work of 124 international organizations and integration associations (UN, EAEU, CIS, CSTO, SCO, CCTS, OSCE, etc.) will be ensured in order to implement foreign policy priorities. In cooperation with the UN, program and project cooperation will be expanded to achieve sustainable development goals at the national level, combat the coronavirus pandemic, adapt to climate change, etc.
Cooperation with 165 foreign states will continue in accordance with the generally recognized principles of interstate relations and international law, enshrined in the UN Charter, and with full consideration of existing mutual obligations in bilateral and multilateral formats. Diplomatic relations will be established with new countries.
The priority in foreign policy is to strengthen and develop comprehensive cooperation in the spirit of good neighborliness with the countries of Central Asia, strategic allies and partner states in the CSTO and the EAEU. Negotiations will continue with neighboring states in order to complete the delimitation and demarcation of the state border, create a space of indivisible security and restore an atmosphere of trust in the Central Asian region.
Cooperation with the countries of Asia, the Arab East, America, Europe and the European Union will be systematically developed with an emphasis on foreign trade cooperation, attracting grants, direct investment, and tourists. Economic diplomacy will also be aimed at improving and ensuring the access of domestic producers to foreign markets.
IX. SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
9.1. Modernization of cities
Demographic, social, economic processes require the formation of urban agglomerations and adjacent supporting territories. These processes should take place around the key cities that form the territorial framework of the country. To implement the “cities-points of growth” approach, a comprehensive modernization of cities will be required. Within the framework of the Program, the main efforts will be directed to the following areas.
Systematic work on the modernization of cities should begin with the renewal or development of master plans for the development of cities. It is necessary to pay special attention to the development of the central and historical parts of cities, taking into account the preservation of the architectural appearance and cultural heritage. Cities should be developed taking into account convenience and comfort for living.
It is necessary to develop environmentally sustainable public transport on electric traction, gas motor fuel. Public transport of large and medium capacity must serve at least 80 percent of the urban passenger traffic.
It is necessary to update and launch water supply and sanitation systems using the most modern technologies. Most cities need to build sewage treatment systems, existing infrastructure needs a radical upgrade.
In all regional centers, the systems for providing outdoor lighting in cities will be modernized. The key areas should be the transition to energy-saving technologies and automation of outdoor lighting control.
A waste management program will be initiated in all urban-type settlements. The issues of waste recycling, minimization of their formation, safe collection, processing and neutralization should be systematically resolved throughout the country.
In every city of the republic, the Safe City project should be implemented, which includes components of road safety and public safety and integration with the national system.
In each city, the functioning of the Public Service Center and the maximum automation of the provision of services to the population for obtaining certificates and permits will be launched.
Projects:
1) implementation of the program for the development of master plans for settlements of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2018-2025;
2) expansion of the Safe City project;
3) the project "Public transport";
4) the program "Engineering infrastructure of cities";
5) program "Sustainable Waste Management".
9.2. Environmental sustainability and climate change
The strategic task of the state is to create an environment favorable for human life by preserving the unique natural ecosystems of the Kyrgyz Republic and rational use of natural resources.
The first step in environmental policy should be measures to minimize negative environmental consequences from the activities of industrial and economic facilities, to increase the effectiveness of requirements and incentives for environmental protection.
It is necessary to develop and support an environmentally oriented business, integrate the principles of a "green" economy into sectoral policy, and introduce low-waste, resource-saving technologies.
Priority actions should be aimed at reducing the volume of industrial waste through the adoption of measures for processing, reuse, and safe disposal. It is necessary to stimulate the transition to alternative energy sources and improve the energy efficiency of the technologies used to reduce emissions in the heating and utilities sector. Control over the treatment facilities of cities and economic entities, especially those located in the coastal zone of Lake Issyk-Kul, will be strengthened, with support for the introduction of modern technologies. At the same time, an important role should be assigned to informing and involving the public in the problem of safe waste disposal.
Taking into account the threat posed by tailings due to their weak protection from natural disasters, proximity to the main waterways of the region and settlements, work on the reclamation of territories will continue. The regulatory and legal framework will be improved and the regulatory infrastructure of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of radiation safety will be strengthened.
The policy of the state will be aimed at the preservation and restoration of the natural environment, ecosystems, the preservation of glaciers, landscapes and biological diversity. At the same time, it is necessary to expand specially protected natural areas that provide protection for various species of flora and fauna, especially species listed in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic.
The regulation of nature management and environmental protection should be aimed at the integration and interaction of environmental factors and economic incentives. It is supposed, on the one hand, to introduce a system to encourage the most effective measures to reduce the harmful effects on the environment, on the other hand, to establish economic barriers for inefficient types of activities from an environmental point of view.
In order to avoid an increase in the degradation of forest ecosystems, measures will be taken to preserve growing forests and increase the area of forest land.
Expanding the area of green spaces is one of the key elements in reducing the risks of climate change, land degradation, and air pollution. Accordingly, it is necessary to adopt a long-term landscaping plan, taking into account the uniform landscaping of the urban environment.
Significant urbanization and lack of proper planning have led to an increase in anthropogenic pressure on both urban infrastructure and urban ecosystems. It is necessary to develop a relatively environmentally friendly transport infrastructure and introduce the Euro-5 standard.
Addressing the issues of disaster risk reduction in a changing climate should be comprehensive, taking into account future threats and dangers, the development of new methods of forecasting and response.
In turn, the promotion of environmental education, upbringing and enlightenment based on the principles of sustainable consumption and production, starting from the level of kindergartens and schools, will form a generation of citizens with a positive environmental outlook and awareness of responsibility for preserving the country's natural resource potential.
As part of the fulfillment of international obligations, the formation of a legal framework for climate policy is required, which should cover specialized and sectoral legislation.
It is necessary to develop monitoring that will be based on national climate statistics and the implementation of the national MRV (monitoring, reporting and verification) system. Additionally, projects to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions will be developed and implemented.
Projects:
1) launch of the national system "Green Economy Standards";
2) launch of the Green Public Transport project;
3) approval of the action plan for the transition of state organizations (ministries and departments) to electric vehicles;
4) approval and implementation of the national plan for adaptation to climate change and development with low greenhouse gas emissions;
5) expanding the ecological network of specially protected natural areas and increasing its potential through an effective science-based approach to management planning;
6) implementation of the national program "Forest";
7) implementation of the Interstate target program "Reclamation of the territories of states affected by uranium mining";
8) carrying out work on the reclamation of uranium legacy sites in the settlements of Shekaftar, Min-Kush and Mailuu-Suu;
9) development of comprehensive measures for the sustainable management of waste and secondary resources;
10) implementation of the project "Landslide risk management in the Kyrgyz Republic";
11) strengthening the capacity to deal with natural disasters, including those associated with climate change, through a comprehensive assessment and consideration of disaster risk reduction opportunities.
X. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
10.1. Implementation process management
Successful implementation of the Program is possible only if there is political will and a consolidated position of all state bodies, the development of common principles and executive mechanisms.
The implementation of the Program will require an update of the legislative framework, the development of sectoral and territorial development programs. It is important that they are fully coordinated with each other. It is planned to submit a package of legislative initiatives for consideration by the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic after the approval of the Program.
Given the complexity of the Program and the limited internal resources, it is necessary to consult and secure the support of development partners. Discussion of the Program and its implementation will be the basis for the annual dialogue with development partners.
A systematic dialogue will be built with the business community and a constructive civil sector. The purpose of such communications will be "partnership for development", when the opinions and interests of society will be taken into account and it will be informed about the ongoing processes in the country.
For the purpose of prompt decision-making, other regulations for decision-making by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will be approved.
The implementation of the Program will be aimed at achieving the long-term development goals of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2040, as well as the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
For the effectiveness of management, it is advisable to consider the issue of functioning on a permanent basis of the councils created in the conditions of the crisis.
The effectiveness of the implementation of this Program will be related to the practical implementation of projects. Therefore, a special institute will be created to prepare national business projects and programs.
The implementation of the Program should be accompanied by the most open information policy. On the one hand, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic will inform the public about the ongoing activities, on the other hand, the public can provide feedback on the effectiveness of the policy being pursued.
The implementation process of the Program should be accompanied by continuous and large-scale training and advanced training of state and municipal employees.
Full digitalization of the Program management should become one of the distinguishing characteristics and demonstrate the possibilities and effectiveness of applying modern technological solutions.
Financial support for the implementation of this Program will be provided from various sources, including the state budget, support from development partners, business initiatives and investors.
Monitoring of the implementation of the Program will be built on an automated basis and supported by regular organizational events.
10.2. Monitoring and evaluation
The effectiveness of the Program implementation will be assessed on the basis of a system of target indicators, as well as official statistics that monitor the achievement or non-achievement of target indicators. To this end, a national monitoring system will be created, which will provide both monitoring of progress during implementation and evaluation of ongoing activities at the level of the Administration of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. Given the high degree of integration and relevance of the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals, the monitoring system of the Program will be based on the already built system for tracking the progress of the SDGs.
On a quarterly basis, the progress of the Program implementation will be discussed at the level of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic. On an annual basis, a public review of the implementation of the Program will be held with the participation of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic, development partners, and representatives of the country's public. In order to obtain objective information about the quality of the implementation of the Program, civil society institutions will be involved.
The system of public control should cover the functioning of all state administration and local self-government bodies. The influence of public councils of state bodies will be strengthened in order to ensure transparency and openness to the public, as well as to establish a constructive dialogue in the interests of the country's development.
List of abbreviations
UN | United Nations |
OSCE | Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe |
PISA | Program for International Student Assessment |
SSTG | Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States |
CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States |
EAEU | Eurasian Economic Union |
ODKB | Organization of the Collective Security Treaty |
SCO | Shanghai Cooperation Organization |
FOMS | Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund under the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic |
China | People's Republic of China |
VAT | value added tax |
GDP | Gross domestic product |
FEZ | Free economic zone |
PPP | Public private partnership |
OJSC | public corporation |
CON | Service Centre |
CASA-1000 | International energy project Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan |
PMSP | Primary Health Care |
HUNTER | Persons with disabilities |
Military Industry | Military-industrial complex |
UAV | Unmanned aerial vehicles |
MRV system | National MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification) System for Climate Change Mitigation, for Developing Countries |
FAQs
LEGISLATION – Green Alliance KG? ›
“Green Alliance.KG” is an initiative created to unite the forces of the society of Kyrgyzstan to implement the principles of the green economy and sustainable development in the country.
What is the Green Deal agenda? ›Jobs and Economic Growth: The Green New Deal aims to create millions of new, high-paying jobs in sectors such as renewable energy, manufacturing, and construction, with a focus on creating jobs in communities that have been historically marginalized.
What is Global Alliance for Green Economy? ›The Global Alliance on Green Economy (GAGE) The Global Alliance on Green Economy (GAGE) was launched during the Ministerial Roundtable on Green Economy at the World Green Economy Summit 2022 in Dubai, UAE.
What is the green movement in Kyrgyzstan? ›The movement had five basic principles: reduce consumption of food, refuse the products that are harmful for the nature, give new life to unused items, reuse items as much as possible, and recycle organic waste. Two decades later, the principles of this movement are quite suitable as a guide to a green lifestyle.
What is the Green New Deal legislation? ›The Green New Deal proposes to tackle the climate crisis with a 10-year mobilization that puts millions of Americans to work in good-paying, union jobs. Similar to FDR's New Deal, these jobs would be focused on strengthening the nation's public infrastructure as well as tackling pollution and climate damage.
What are the objectives of the Green Deal? ›The European Green Deal will improve the well-being and health of citizens and future generations by providing: fresh air, clean water, healthy soil and biodiversity. renovated, energy efficient buildings. healthy and affordable food.
What are the three pillars of green economy? ›Sustainable development is based on three fundamental pillars: social, economic and environmental.
Who funds green alliance? ›Our work is made possible by the generous support of many organisations, including businesses, NGOs, trusts, foundations, and our individual members. See all the partners supporting and working with us. For more information about our funding, see our latest annual report.
Which country is leading the green economy? ›Global Green Economy Index is Out and Sweden Tops the List.
Who are the leaders of the Green movement? ›Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi are recognized as political leaders of the Green Movement.
What is the green movement in the US? ›
The green movement is a diverse scientific, social, conservation, and political movement that broadly addresses the concerns of environmentalism. It encompasses an array of political parties, organizations, and individual advocates operating on international, national, and local levels.
How many countries participate in green movement? ›Green party platforms typically embrace social democratic economic policies and form coalitions with other left-wing parties. Green parties exist in nearly 90 countries around the world, many of which are members of Global Greens.
What were 5 programs of the New Deal? ›Major federal programs and agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA).
What is the Blue New Deal legislation? ›H.R. 3764 – more aptly named the “Blue New Deal,” – is over-reaching legislation that will raise Americans' energy costs through a legislated ban on new offshore oil and gas drilling outside of the Gulf of Mexico.
What is the Green Party doing about climate change? ›Achieve net zero emissions as quickly as possible.
Ensure a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 60 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030, with clear enforceable targets and timelines starting in 2023. Achieve net zero emissions as quickly as possible, while aiming to be net negative in 2050.
Reduce by 50% the use of pesticides by 2030. Reduce the use of Fertilizers by 20% by 2030. Reduce nutrient loss by at least 50%. Reduce the use of antimicrobials in agriculture and antimicrobials in aquaculture by 50% by 2030.
What is the Green Deal short summary? ›The European Green Deal is a package of policy initiatives, which aims to set the EU on the path to a green transition, with the ultimate goal of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. It supports the transformation of the EU into a fair and prosperous society with a modern and competitive economy.
Is the Green Deal binding? ›To make this objective legally binding, the Commission proposed the European Climate Law, which also sets a new, more ambitious net greenhouse gas emissions reduction target of at least -55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels.
What are the 5 principles of a green economy? ›What are the five guiding principles of the green economy? Public involvement, social dialogue, informed consent, openness, and accountability are prioritized in civil life. The global status quo is being transformed by the green economy on a universal scale.
What are the 4 Rs for green economy? ›Meet the 4 R's of Green Living: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repurpose.
What are the 6 sectors of green economy? ›
keeping in mind the three pillars of sustainability, the social, the economic and the environmental, defines a 'green economy' as based on six main sectors: renewable energy, green buildings, clean transportation, water management, waste management and land management.
What is the largest green fund? ›The Green Climate Fund (GCF) – a critical element of the historic Paris Agreement - is the world's largest climate fund, mandated to support developing countries raise and realize their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) ambitions towards low-emissions, climate-resilient pathways.
Who is the leader of the Green Alliance? ›Shaun Spiers has been executive director since 2017.
Who are the largest green infrastructure funds? ›Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP) launched what it claimed is set to be the world's largest ever green energy fund, with ambitions to underpin up to $15bn of renewables projects globally.
What is the greenest country in the Americas? ›Costa Rica, known worldwide for its environmental stewardship, is the region's greenest nation.
What is the cleanest country in the world? ›Finland. About 35% of Finland's energy comes from renewable energy resources. Finland ranks first in the world for Environmental Health (99.3) and Air Quality (98.8).
Who is the greenest company in the world? ›| 2023 G100 Rank | 2022 G100 Rank | Company |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | Schnitzer Steel Industries Inc |
| 2 | 1 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S |
| 3 | 10 | Brambles Ltd |
| 4 | Brookfield Renewable Partners LP |
The Green Movement aims at creating a holistic and ecological view of the world. It makes people conscious of stopping further degradation and deterioration of nature and its resources. It started in 1972. The world's first nationwide Green Party was founded in New Zealand.
Who invented the Green Movement? ›Borlaug's wildly successful efforts to increase crop yields came to be known as the “Green Revolution” and earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his role in fighting global hunger.
Who started Green Movement? ›The Environmental Movement and Earth Day
Inspired by the protests and "teach-ins" that were occurring worldwide throughout the 1960s, Senator Gaylord Nelson proposed in 1969 that there be a nationwide grassroots demonstration on behalf of the environment.
What is modern Green Movement? ›
The Modern Green Movement's History. During the 1960s, the Modern Green Movement was a recurrent issue among college students across the U.S. and also among the “Flower Power” hippies who promoted the ideas of protecting the Earth and living a more homeopathic, organic lifestyle.
When did Green Movement start? ›ONE cannot recall any movement in world history which has gripped the imagination of the entire human race so completely and so rapidly as the Green Movement which started nearly twenty-five years ago. In 1972 the world's first nationwide Green party was founded in New Zealand.
Is the Green Party liberal or conservative? ›The party promotes green politics, specifically environmentalism; nonviolence; social justice; participatory democracy; grassroots democracy; anti-war; anti-racism; libertarian socialism and eco-socialism. On the political spectrum, the party is generally seen as left-wing.
Which is the cleanest and greenest country in the world? ›- Denmark. Denmark ranked as the greenest country in the world in 2022, with an overall score of 77.9. ...
- United Kingdom. The UK has an overall EPI score of 77.7, the second-highest in the world behind Denmark. ...
- Finland. ...
- Malta. ...
- Sweden. ...
- Luxembourg. ...
- Slovenia. ...
- Austria.
The greenest state is Vermont, the 'Green Mountain State'. It ranked second in environmental quality and first in eco-friendly behaviors among all states, while coming just 33rd in climate change contributions. It's followed by New York and California to round out the top three.
What is the meaning of green agenda? ›adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] Green issues and political movements relate to or are concerned with the protection of the environment.
What is the Green Deal mean? ›EU countries are committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050, delivering on the commitments under the Paris Agreement. The European Green Deal is the EU's strategy for reaching the 2050 goal.
What is the brown agenda vs green agenda? ›'Green' means a more wildlife focus while 'Brown' refers to a more people's approach. Concerns were raised that the environment is seen as something that is all about saving species of plants and animals – mainly ignoring the urban environment and people's basic right to a clean and healthy environment.
What is the goal of the Green Deal 2050? ›The EU aims to be climate-neutral by 2050 – an economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. This objective is at the heart of the European Green DealEN••• and in line with the EU's commitment to global climate action under the Paris AgreementEN•••.
What are the 5 pillars to the green plan? ›Key Pillars of the Green Plan
Spearheaded by five ministries, the Green Plan features five key pillars: (i) City in Nature, (ii) Sustainable Living, (iii) Energy Reset, (iv) Green Economy, and (v) Resilient Future.
What is green political ideology? ›
Green politics, or ecopolitics, is a political ideology that aims to foster an ecologically sustainable society often, but not always, rooted in environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice and grassroots democracy.
What does ESG mean green? ›Environmental, social and governance (ESG) is a framework used to assess an organization's business practices and performance on various sustainability and ethical issues. It also provides a way to measure business risks and opportunities in those areas.
Who administers the Green Deal? ›The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) wants energy companies to make improvements to some homes at no upfront cost to the consumer.
What are the 3 goals of the Paris Agreement? ›build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation.
Why is the Green New Deal needed? ›The Green New Deal promises to create millions of jobs by tackling economic inequality. Americans would be guaranteed high-quality jobs backed by unions by shifting money from the fossil fuel industry to green technology.
What is agenda 2030 also known as? ›On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development — adopted by world leaders in September 2015 at an historic UN Summit — officially came into force.
What are the two aims of Agenda 21? ›Agenda 21 addresses the pressing problems of today and also aims at preparing the world for the challenges of the next century. It reflects a global consensus and political commitment at the highest level on development and environment cooperation.
What is the green and blue agenda? ›About Green and Blue
The Green and blue theme refers to the network of green spaces (including “blue” water systems) that deliver multiple environmental, economic, and social values and benefits to communities.
The 2030 Plan for a Green Economy is the first electrification and climate change policy framework. The implementation plan defines the climate actions that will be carried out by the various partner ministries and public agencies. It will be updated annually and will systematically cover the five following years.
What is the fit for 55 Green Deal? ›The European climate law makes reaching the EU's climate goal of reducing EU emissions by at least 55% by 2030 a legal obligation. EU countries are working on new legislation to achieve this goal and make the EU climate-neutral by 2050.